южно-сахалинская городская больница имени анкудинова
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южно-сахалинская городская больница имени анкудинова, Multiple myeloma - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic, Multiple Myeloma: Symptoms, What It Is, Prognosis & Treatment, Treatment Options for Multiple Myeloma and Other Plasma Cell , Multiple Myeloma Treatment Options | First Line Therapy, Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma) Treatment, , .
Targeted therapyTargeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells. Several types of targeted therapy may be used to treat multiple myeloma and other plasma cell neoplasms. There are different types of targeted therapy:Proteasome inhibitor therapy: This treatment blocks the action of proteasomes in cancer cells. A proteasome is a protein that removes other proteins no longer needed by the cell. When the proteins are not removed from the cell, they build up and may cause the cancer cell to die. Bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib are proteasome inhibitors used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and other plasma cell neoplasms.Monoclonal antibody therapy: Monoclonal antibodies are immune system proteins made in the laboratory to treat many diseases, including cancer. As a cancer treatment, these antibodies can attach to a specific target on cancer cells or other cells that may help cancer cells grow. The antibodies are able to then kill the cancer cells, block their growth, or keep them from spreading. Monoclonal antibodies are given by infusion. They may be used alone or to carry drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to cancer cells. Daratumumab and elotuzumab are monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and other plasma cell neoplasms. Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody used to slow bone loss and reduce bone pain in patients with multiple myeloma.How do monoclonal antibodies work to treat cancer? This video shows how monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab, pembrolizumab, and rituximab, block molecules cancer cells need to grow, flag cancer cells for destruction by the body’s immune system, or deliver harmful substances to cancer cells. BCL2 inhibitor therapy: This treatment blocks a protein called BCL2. Blocking this protein may help kill cancer cells and may make them more sensitive to anticancer drugs. Venetoclax is a BCL2 inhibitor being studied in the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.See .High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplantHigh doses of chemotherapy are given to kill cancer cells. Healthy cells, including blood-forming cells, are also destroyed by the cancer treatment. Stem cell transplant is a treatment to replace the blood-forming cells. Stem cells (immature blood cells) are removed from the blood or bone marrow of the patient (autologous) or a donor (allogeneic) and are frozen and stored. After the patient completes chemotherapy, the stored stem cells are thawed and given back to the patient through an infusion. These reinfused stem cells grow into (and restore) the body's blood cells. Donor stem cell transplant. (Step 1): Four to five days before donor stem cell collection, the donor receives a medicine to increase the number of stem cells circulating through their bloodstream (not shown). The blood-forming stem cells are then collected from the donor through a large vein in their arm. The blood flows through an apheresis machine that removes the stem cells. The rest of the blood is returned to the donor through a vein in their other arm. (Step 2): The patient receives chemotherapy to kill cancer cells and prepare their body for the donor stem cells. The patient may also receive radiation therapy (not shown). (Step 3): The patient receives an infusion of the donor stem cells.ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy is a treatment that uses the patient's immune system to fight cancer. Substances made by the body or made in a laboratory are used to boost, direct, or restore the body's natural defenses against cancer. This cancer treatment is a type of biologic therapy.Immunomodulator therapy: Thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide are immunomodulators used to treat multiple myeloma and other plasma cell neoplasms.CAR T-cell therapy: This treatment changes the patient's T cells (a type of immune system cell) so they will attack certain proteins on the surface of cancer cells. T cells are taken from the patient and special receptors are added to their surface in the laboratory. The changed cells are called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The CAR T cells are grown in the laboratory and given to the patient by infusion. The CAR T cells multiply in the patient's blood and attack cancer cells. CAR T-cell therapy is being studied in the treatment of multiple myeloma that has recurred (come back).CAR T-cell therapy. A type of treatment in which a patient’s T cells (a type of immune cell) are changed in the laboratory so they will bind to cancer cells and kill them. Blood from a vein in the patient’s arm flows through a tube to an apheresis machine (not shown), which removes the white blood cells, including the T cells, and sends the rest of the blood back to the patient. Then, the gene for a special receptor called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is inserted into the T cells in the laboratory. Millions of the CAR T cells are grown in the laboratory and then given to the patient by infusion. The CAR T cells are able to bind to an antigen on the cancer cells and kill them.See .Radiation therapyRadiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the area of the body with cancer.SurgerySurgery to remove the tumor may be done. After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given radiation therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy.Watchful waitingWatchful waiting is closely monitoring a patient’s condition without giving any treatment until signs or symptoms appear or change.New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials. This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about clinical trials is available from the .New combinations of therapies Clinical trials are studying different combinations of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, steroid therapy, and drugs. New treatment regimens using selinexor are also being studied. Treatment for plasma cell neoplasms may cause side effects.For information about side effects caused by treatment for cancer, visit our page.Supportive care is given to lessen the problems caused by the disease or its treatment., When multiple myeloma causes symptoms, treatment often starts with medicine. Treatment can help relieve pain, control complications, and slow the growth of the myeloma cells. Sometimes multiple myeloma doesn't cause symptoms. Doctors call this smoldering multiple myeloma., While healthcare providers can’t cure multiple myeloma, they can treat related conditions and symptoms and slow its progress. Multiple myeloma is a rare blood cancer that affects plasma cells, turning healthy cells into abnormal cells that can cause blood, bone and tissue damage. What is multiple myeloma?.
Medicines are the main type of treatment for active multiple myeloma. Usually, different types of medicines are used together. This offers a better chance to keep the myeloma under control. The choice of medicines depends on many factors, including: The first treatment for nearly all people with myeloma is several months of medicines., First-line treatment for MM is the first step in managing the disease and improving your quality of life. This initial therapy aims to reduce the number of myeloma cells, relieve symptoms, and improve your overall health. This page will guide you through the different options and help you understand what to expect., Tests that examine the blood, bone marrow, and urine are used to diagnose multiple myeloma and other plasma cell neoplasms. Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. Plasma cell neoplasms are diseases in which the body makes too many plasma cells., , , .