технического сервиса на предприятиях апк конкин ю.а
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технического сервиса на предприятиях апк конкин ю.а, Oil spill | Definition, Causes, Effects, List, & Facts | Britannica, Oil spills - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oil spill - Wikipedia, 5,000 gallons of fuel linked to Johns Hopkins facility spills into , Oil Spills - Our World in Data, What are oil spills and where do they come from? - NOAA's National , Greenpeace warns of potential environmental disaster as oil tankers .
The largest oil-tanker spills in history are listed in the table.Largest oil-tanker spills in history*rank ship name year location spill size (metric tons) damage *Source of ranking and spill sizes: International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation. Sources of notes on damage: International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation; Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution; and U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1 Atlantic Empress 1979 off Tobago, West Indies 287,000 After a collision with another tanker, the Atlantic Empress caught fire and was towed 300 nautical miles out to sea, where it sank. Although its entire load of crude oil was lost, only minor ecological damage was reported on some island coastlines. 2 ABT Summer 1991 off Angola, southwestern Africa 260,000 Some 700 nautical miles off Angola, this tanker caught fire and sank with the loss of five crewmen. Its load of crude oil was lost, but no ecological damage was reported. 3 Castillo de Bellver 1983 off Saldanha Bay, South Africa 252,000 The Castillo de Bellver caught fire, broke in two, and sank. Its load of crude oil was dispersed by winds and currents. Only minor damage to wildlife and coastlines was reported. 4 Amoco Cadiz 1978 off Brittany, France 223,000 Suffering a failure of steering, the Amoco Cadiz grounded and broke in two. Its entire load of crude oil and ship fuel spilled, contaminating more than 300 km of Breton coastline and killing tens of thousands of birds and marine animals. Thousands of workers cleaned beaches and marshes in one of the largest oil-spill responses ever. 5 Haven 1991 Genoa, Italy 144,000 The Haven caught fire and broke apart. Some crude oil was recovered at sea, but some 100 km of coastline in Italy and France had to be cleaned mechanically. 6 Odyssey 1988 en route to Nova Scotia, Canada 132,000 Loaded with crude oil, the Odyssey broke in two and sank in the Atlantic Ocean 700 nautical miles from its destination. Because of the distance from land, no ecological damage was reported. 7 Torrey Canyon 1967 Isles of Scilly, off Cornwall, England 119,000 The Torrey Canyon ran aground and lost its entire load of crude oil, polluting coastlines in Cornwall as well as in the Channel Islands and in Brittany, France. Powerful solvents used in an attempt to disperse oil slicks were later determined to be more harmful to the environment than the spilled oil was. 8 Sea Star 1972 Gulf of Oman 115,000 The Sea Star, loaded with crude oil, collided with another tanker, burned, and sank with the loss of 12 crew members. No ecological damage was reported. 9 Irenes Serenade 1980 Bay of Navarino, Greece 100,000 This tanker caught fire while refueling at the port of Pylos and sank. Some spilled crude oil and ship fuel was salvaged on the sea surface, but some drifted ashore and had to be cleaned by hundreds of workers onshore and in small boats. 10 Urquiola 1976 La Coruña, Spain 100,000 Loaded with crude oil, the Urquiola ran aground in port and burned, with the loss of its captain. Some oil was salvaged from the vessel, recovered from the sea surface, or dispersed by a heavy application of chemicals, but much nearby coastline was coated with oil and debris and was only partly cleaned. 11 Hawaiian Patriot 1977 en route to Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S. 95,000 The Hawaiian Patriot cracked in a storm and then burned and sank 300 nautical miles from its destination, with the loss of a crew member. Ocean currents dissipated the spilled crude oil. 12 Independenţa 1979 near Istanbul, Turkey 95,000 The Independenţa struck another ship and burned at the southern end of the Bosporus, with the loss of 43 crew members. Most of the spilled crude oil burned, though some surrounding shorelines and beaches on the Sea of Marmara were fouled. 13 Jakob Maersk 1975 near Porto, Portugal 88,000 On entering the port of Leixões, the Jakob Maersk ran aground and burned, with the loss of seven crew members. Most of its spilled crude oil either burned or was contained and skimmed from the sea surface. Some drifted onto nearby beaches, which had to be cleaned mechanically and with dispersants. 14 Braer 1993 Shetland Islands, Scotland 85,000 Suffering engine failure in a storm, the Braer grounded at Sumburgh Head and broke up. High seas dispersed most of the spilled crude oil and ship fuel, but nearby salmon farms suffered large losses of stock. 15 Khark 5 1989 off the Atlantic coast of Morocco 80,000 En route to the Netherlands, the Khark 5 caught fire briefly some 400 miles north of the Canary Islands and 120 nautical miles off the Atlantic coast of Morocco. One-quarter of its load of crude oil spilled; most of this was dispersed by wind and wave action, though some was reported to have reached beaches near Casablanca, where it was cleaned up manually. 16 Aegean Sea 1992 La Coruña, Spain 74,000 Entering port in rough weather, this tanker grounded, broke in two, and burned briefly. Most of its load of crude oil spilled. Wave and wind action dispersed part of the spill, but some 300 km of shoreline was polluted, and fishery in the area was temporarily suspended. 17 Sea Empress 1996 Milford Haven, Wales 72,000 On entering port, the Sea Empress grounded and spilled half its load of crude oil before being refloated. Much of the spill evaporated, was dispersed, or was recovered from the sea surface. An effective response was mounted to clean some 200 km of polluted shoreline. 18 Nova 1985 off Kharg Island, Gulf of Iran 70,000 19 Katina P 1992 near Maputo, Mozambique, southeastern Africa 66,700 Damaged in a storm, the Katina P was grounded just offshore and spilled fuel oil from a hole in its hull. Most of the spill dispersed, but nearby mangroves were polluted, and shorelines were cleaned manually. 20 Prestige 2002 off Galicia, Spain 63,000 After suffering hull damage in severe weather, the Prestige was towed 130 nautical miles out to sea, where it sank. Much of the spilled load of heavy fuel oil was closely tracked and recovered at sea, and affected coastlines of northern Spain and western France were cleaned in well-coordinated responses. , Oil spill, leakage of petroleum onto the surface of a large body of water. Oceanic oil spills became a major environmental problem in the 1960s, chiefly as a result of intensified petroleum exploration and production on continental shelves and the use of supertankers for transporting oil., Oil spills can harm sea creatures, ruin a day at the beach, and make seafood unsafe to eat. It takes sound science to clean up the oil, measure the impacts of pollution, and help the ocean recover. Juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtle oiled in the Deepwater Horizon spill in 2010..
An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land., A Johns Hopkins spokesperson added that it is reviewing how the tanks spilled fuel into the harbor. Cleanup of Baltimore fuel spill . The state says 18,000 gallons of oil-water mixture have been , Oil spills are disasters that can have severe social, economic, and environmental impacts. They are the release of crude oil or refined petroleum products from tankers, rigs, wells, and offshore platforms. These spills are most common in marine environments but can also occur on land., Oil spills harm sea creatures, make seafood unsafe to eat, and can even ruin your day at the beach. Oil is found below ground or below the ocean floor in “pores” or holes in the rock called reservoirs., In 2024, an average of 20 million barrels of oil traveled through it daily. After Israel launched airstrikes against Iran on June 13, oil prices surged as worry mounted over whether the Islamic , Farah Al Hattab added: “Greenpeace MENA urges all concerned authorities to act swiftly to contain the spill and assess its ecological impact. We call on shipping companies, governments, and oil industry actors to commit to full transparency regarding environmental consequences of oil spills and the measures being taken for cleanup..