鈣鈦礦材料之單晶塊材可由傳統的柴可拉斯基法 (Czochralski process) 或布裡奇曼 - 史托巴格法(Bridgman–Stockbarger technique) 獲得,此二類拉單晶的合成方式最大的缺點是需要非常高溫且真空的環境,因此非常耗能,且容易再降溫過程中產生相轉變與雜質,因此近年來亦開發以熱蒸鍍法 (Thermal evaporation method) 或化學氣相傳輸反應法 (Chemical vapor transport reaction method, CVT) 來製備。熱蒸鍍法是將鈣鈦礦材料之前驅鹽 ( 如常見的碘化鉛與甲基碘化胺 ) 放置在熱鍍源上,利用加熱的方式將前驅鹽氣化後,揮發至上方基材進行反應並沉積薄膜,可將兩種前驅鹽放在同一個鍍源上,或是分別放在不同的鍍源上,藉以調控鈣鈦礦薄膜之化學組分、結晶性、形貌與晶格缺陷等特性 ( 如圖二 (a))。化學氣相傳輸反應法是在管狀爐中,將鈣鈦礦材料之前驅鹽加熱氣化,以氮氣或氬氣將前驅鹽氣體吹送至基材反應,並沉積形成鈣鈦礦晶體,兩種前驅鹽可根據熔點的差異,放在單一或多個熱源上,其反應溫度、時間、升降溫速率可形成不同晶相或化學組分之鈣鈦礦晶體,而基材與熱源之間的距離、傾斜角度與溫度差等條件可造成不同形貌之鈣鈦礦晶體 ( 如圖二 (b))。, Since 2012, Parsa has received increased management attention leading to the relocation of villages and the subsequent recovery of tigers. In 2018 it was estimated that there were 93 (89–102) tigers in Chitwan and 18 (16–24) in Parsa (with a total of 111 adult tigers) (DNPWC & DFSC, 2018), while in the most recent survey (DNPWC and DFSC , The ITRC tracked 3,205 data compromises in 2023, 1,404 more than in 2022 and 1,345 more than the previous high in 2021. SAN DIEGO, January 25, 2024 – Today, the Identity Theft Resource Center® (ITRC), a nationally recognized nonprofit organization established to support victims of identity crime, will release its 2023 Annual Data Breach Report, its 18 th edition, at the Identity .