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Bonazzi StatisticsFacts and figures on the state of the world’s freshwater resources from the 2024 UN World Water Development Report: Water for Prosperity and Peace.Last update:26 February 2024SummaryWater demand and useWorldwide, agriculture accounts for roughly 70% of freshwater withdrawals, followed by industry (just under 20%) and domestic (or municipal) uses (about 12%).Groundwater supplies about 25% of all water used for irrigation and half of the freshwater withdrawn for domestic purposes.Since 1980s the global demand for freshwater has been increasing by just under 1% per year during this period.Water demand from the municipal sector has experienced a considerable increase relative to the other sectors (Figure P.2) and is likely to continue growing as populations urbanize and the water supply and sanitation systems servicing these cities expand. Source: Otto and Schleifer (2020)Water availability and stressRoughly half of the world’s population experiences severe water scarcity for at least part of the year.Water deficits were linked to a 10% increase in global migration between 1970–2000.Water quality and pollutionIn lower-income countries, poor water quality is due to low levels of wastewater treatment. whereas in higher-income countries, runoff from agriculture poses the most serious problem.Emerging contaminants include pharmaceuticals, hormones, industrial chemicals, detergents, cyanotoxins, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and nanomaterials.Extreme eventsFloods and drought are among the most devastating water-related disasters.Over the period 2002–2021, floods caused nearly 100,000 deaths (with an additional 8,000 in 2022), affected another 1.6 billion people (with another 57 million in 2022) and caused US$832 billion in economic losses (US$45 billion in 2022).Over the same period, droughts affected over 1.4 billion people, killed over 21,000 more and triggered US$170 billion in economic losses.Continued global warming is projected to intensify the global water cycle, and to further increase the frequency and severity of droughts and floods, with more very wet and very dry weather and climate events, and seasons.Progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6SDG 6 seeks to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.None of the SDG 6 targets appear to be on track. As of 2022, 2.2 billion people were without access to safely managed drinking water (SDG Target 6.1).Four out of five people lacking at least basic drinking water services in 2022 lived in rural areas.The situation with respect to safely managed sanitation (SDG Target 6.2) remains dire, with 3.5 billion people lacking access to such services.SDG 6 indicators Source: adapted from UNEP (2021a)SDG 6 indicators Source: UNEP (2021a)Indicators Custodians6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services WHO, UNICEF6.2.1 Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) a hand-washing facility with soap and water WHO, UNICEF6.3.1 Proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater flows safely treated WHO, UN-Habitat, UNSD6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality UNEP6.4.1 Change in water use efficiency over time FAO6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources FAO6.5.1 Degree of integrated water resources management UNEP6.5.2 Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation UNECE, UNESCO6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time UNEP, Ramsar6.a.1 Amount of water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending plan WHO, OECD6.b.1 Proportion of local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management WHO, OECDShare Related itemsSee moreadd Galaxy Footer ©UNESCO 2025 We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. For more information on how we use cookies, read . close, Worldwide, agriculture accounts for roughly 70% of freshwater withdrawals, followed by industry (just under 20%) and domestic (or municipal) uses (about 12%). Groundwater supplies about 25% of all water used for irrigation and half of the freshwater withdrawn for domestic purposes. Since 1980s the global demand for freshwater has been increasing by just under 1% per year during this period , Global freshwater use – that includes withdrawals for agriculture, industry and municipal uses — has increased from 500 billion m 3 in 1900 up to nearly 3.9 trillion m 3 in 2017, due to human population growth at an annual net increase of about 80, 000, 000, and due to economic shifts towards more resource-intensive consumption patterns [13]..
Annual freshwater withdrawals, agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) from The World Bank: Data, Water use in agriculture ‣ Agriculture accounts for 70% of all freshwater withdrawals compared to 20% for industry and 10% for municipal and domestic use. In Africa and Asia more than 80 % of water is for agriculture compared to less than 40% in Europe and North America, 1 Introduction Cropland irrigation accounts for the largest proportion of human water use (~70% of the total freshwater withdrawal (Molden, 2007) and 80–90% of human water consumption (Gleick et al., 2011; Shiklomanov, 2000)). Moreover, crop irrigation is expected to continue to increase due to the expansion of irrigated areas (Siebert et al., 2015) or future global warming (Wada et al , Agriculture is by far the largest consumer of the Earth’s available freshwater: 70% of “blue water” withdrawals from watercourses and groundwater are for agricultural usage, three times more than 50 years ago. By 2050, the global water demand of agriculture is estimated to increase by a further 19% due to irrigational needs., Globally, agriculture remains the predominant consumer of freshwater, accounting for around 70% of total usage. This figure holds particularly true in regions like South Asia and the Middle East, where agriculture heavily relies on irrigation. In low-income countries, agriculture’s water use can reach up to 90% of total withdrawals, starkly contrasted with higher-income nations., .