расчет объема земляных работ для котлована программа
Главное меню:
Интересное
расчет объема земляных работ для котлована программа, Space Shuttle Challenger disaster - Wikipedia, Challenger disaster | Summary, Date, Cause, & Facts | Britannica, Challenger STS-51L Accident - NASA, Challenger Explosion - Date, Astronauts & Shuttle - HISTORY, Space shuttle Challenger and the disaster that changed NASA , The Challenger Tragedy - Spaceline, 1986: The Challenger Explosion | American Physical Society.
Inventions & ScienceInventions & ScienceNatural Disasters & EnvironmentNatural Disasters & EnvironmentSpace ExplorationSpace ExplorationArchaeologyArchaeologyHISTORY Honors 250Stream HISTORYStream HISTORYBy: HISTORY.com Editors 1980sChallenger ExplosionHISTORY.com EditorsGetty Images / MPI / StringerPublished: February 15, 2010Last Updated: May 28, 2025PrintShareTable of contentsTable of contentsThe NASA space shuttle Challenger exploded on January 28, 1986, just 73 seconds after liftoff, bringing a devastating end to the spacecraft’s 10th mission. The disaster claimed the lives of all seven astronauts aboard, including Christa McAuliffe, a teacher from New Hampshire who would have been the first civilian in space. It was later determined that two rubber O-rings, which had been designed to seal the sections of the rocket booster, had failed due to cold temperatures on the morning of the launch. The tragedy and its aftermath received extensive media coverage and prompted NASA to temporarily suspend all shuttle missions.Space Shuttle ProgramHow the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster UnfoldedSeventy three seconds after take off the Space Shuttle Challenger encounters unexpected disaster. Find out more in this clip from Season 1, "Challenger Disaster."In 1976, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) unveiled the world’s first reusable manned spacecraft, known as the space shuttle.Five years later, flights began when the space shuttle Columbia embarked on a 54-hour mission. Launched by two solid-rocket boosters and its main engines, the aircraft-like shuttle entered into orbit around Earth.When the mission was completed, the shuttle fired engines to reduce speed and, after descending through the atmosphere, landed like a glider. Early shuttles took satellite equipment into space and carried out various scientific experiments.Did you know?After "Teacher in Space" Christa McAuliffe was killed during the 1986 Challenger disaster, her backup, a former math teacher named Barbara Morgan, served as a mission specialist during a 2007 flight of the shuttle Endeavor.Challenger, NASA’s second space shuttle to enter service, embarked on its maiden voyage on April 4, 1983, and made a total of nine voyages prior to 1986.That year, it was scheduled to launch on January 22 carrying a seven-member crew that included Christa McAuliffe, a 37-year-old high school social studies instructor from New Hampshire who had earned a spot on the mission through NASA’s Teacher in Space Program. After undergoing months of training, she was set to become the first ordinary American citizen to travel into space.Challenger DisasterThe mission’s launch from Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida, was delayed for six days due to weather and technical problems.The morning of January 28 was unusually cold, and engineers warned their superiors that certain components—particularly the rubber O-rings that sealed the joints of the shuttle’s solid rocket boosters—were vulnerable to failure at low temperatures. However, these warnings went unheeded, and at 11:39 a.m. Challenger lifted off.Seventy-three seconds later, hundreds on the ground, including the families of McAuliffe and the other astronauts on board, stared in disbelief as the shuttle broke up in a plume of smoke and fire. Millions more watched the wrenching tragedy unfold on live television.Within seconds, the spacecraft broke apart and plunged into the ocean, killing its entire crew, traumatizing the nation and throwing NASA’s shuttle program into turmoil.Rogers CommissionShortly after the disaster, President Ronald Reagan appointed a special commission to determine what went wrong with Challenger and to develop future corrective measures. Headed by former secretary of state William Rogers, the commission included former astronaut Neil Armstrong and former test pilot Chuck Yeager.Their investigation revealed that the O-ring seal on Challenger’s solid rocket booster, which had become brittle in the cold temperatures, failed. Flames then broke out of the booster and damaged the external fuel tank, causing the spacecraft to explode and disintegrate.The commission also found that Morton Thiokol, the company that designed the solid rocket boosters, had ignored warnings about potential issues. NASA managers were aware of these design problems but also failed to take action.Famously, scientist Richard Feynman, a member of the commission, demonstrated the O-ring flaw to the public using a simple glass of ice water.Aftermath of the Challenger ExplosionAfter the accident, NASA refrained from sending astronauts into space for more than two years as it redesigned a number of the shuttle’s features.Flights began again in September 1988 with the successful launching of Discovery. Since then, the space shuttle has carried out numerous important missions, including the repair and maintenance of the Hubble Space Telescope and the construction of the International Space Station.On February 1, 2003, a second shuttle disaster rocked the United States when the space shuttle Columbia disintegrated upon reentry, killing all seven people aboard. While missions resumed in July 2005, the space shuttle program ended in 2011.Ten years after the Challenger disaster, two large pieces from the spacecraft washed ashore on a Florida beach. The remaining debris is now stored in a missile silo at Cape Canaveral.Portrait of the teacher who died in the tragic explosion of the space shuttle Challenger in 1986. Includes interviews with her parents and students.7-DAY FREE TRIALCommercial-free,Cancel anytimeStream NowExclusions & terms applyRelated Articles 1980sBig Bird Nearly Rode on the Disastrous Challenger MissionCaroll Spinney—the puppeteer in the yellow suit—was in talks to go to space. 1980sReagan Delayed the 1986 State of the Union to Mourn the Challenger DisasterThe shocking disaster delayed the speech for one week. Space ExplorationWhat Caused the Challenger Disaster?Seven lives were lost as communications failed in the face of public pressure to proceed with the launch despite dangerously cold conditions. 1980sHISTORY Channel Discovers Segment of Space Shuttle ChallengerThe 20-foot piece of the NASA space shuttle was found off the coast of Florida during the filming of the new HISTORY Channel series, 'The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters.'See All ArticlesAbout the authorHISTORY.com Editors works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Articles with the “HISTORY.com Editors” byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including , , , Christian Zapata and Cristiana Lombardo.Fact CheckWe strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.Citation InformationArticle titleChallenger ExplosionAuthorHISTORY.com EditorsWebsite NameHistoryURLhttps://www.history.com/articles/challenger-disasterDate AccessedJune 23, 2025PublisherA&E Television NetworksLast UpdatedMay 28, 2025Original Published DateFebruary 15, 2010History RevealedSign up for "Inside History"Get fascinating history stories twice a week that connect the past with today’s world, plus an in-depth exploration every Friday.Your emailSign UpBy submitting your information, you agree to receive emails from HISTORY and A+E Global Media. You can opt out at any time. You must be 16 years or older and a resident of the United States.More details: Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | Contact UsHISTORY EducationHISTORY Vault™HISTORY AppsHISTORY2™HISTORY en Español®Military HISTORY®Newsletter Sign UpShare Your OpinionsFAQ / Contact UsAdvertise with UsA+E Factual Studios™A+E Studios®Employment OpportunitiesAccessibility SupportTV Parental GuidelinesAdvertise with UsA+E Factual Studios™A+E Studios®Employment OpportunitiesAccessibility SupportTV Parental Guidelines© 2025, A&E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved.Terms of UsePrivacy PolicyCopyright PolicyCookie NoticeAd Choices, On January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members aboard. The spacecraft disintegrated 46,000 feet (14 km) above the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 16:39:13 UTC (11:39:13 a.m. EST, local time at the launch site)., The Challenger disaster was the explosion of the U.S. space shuttle Challenger shortly after its launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on January 28, 1986. All seven astronauts on board died..
On January 28, 1986, NASA and the American people were rocked as tragedy unfolded 73 seconds into the flight of Space Shuttle Challenger’s STS-51L mission. Presented below are documents and resources about the accident and its aftermath., The NASA space shuttle Challenger exploded on January 28, 1986, just 73 seconds after liftoff, bringing a devastating end to the spacecraft’s 10th mission., The space shuttle Challenger — during its 10th launch – on Jan. 28, 1986, exploded 73 seconds after liftoff, killing all seven crewmembers and changing NASA's space program forever., Challenger Overview. Space Shuttle Challenger began Mission STS-51L with a launch from Kennedy Space Center Launch Pad 39B at 11:38:00 a.m. EST on January 28, 1986. Challenger exploded 73 seconds after launch, and a crew of seven astronauts perished., But a mere 73 seconds into the flight, Challenger made a different kind of history. As millions of Americans watched, it burst into flames, killing all seven crew members, making it the worst space disaster ever., Throngs of people stood on Florida’s Cape Canaveral, shouldering the balmy air on the day of one of the greatest losses of NASA’s Space Shuttle Program: January 28, 1986. It was a frigid morning—so cold that ice pooled in sections on the launch pad and icicles hung from the launch tower..