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Conditions Back ConditionsDrugs & Supplements Back Drugs & SupplementsWell-Being Back Well-BeingMore Back More Privacy & More Subscribe Log In Search Subscribe GuideOverviewTypes Tests & DiagnosisTreatmentLiving With View Full Guide Epilepsy Drugs to Treat SeizuresMedically Reviewed by Christopher Melinosky, MD on January 31, 2025Written by 6 min readFor 70% of patients with epilepsy, drugs can control . However, they can't cure epilepsy, and most people will need to continue taking .An accurate diagnosis of the (not just the type of seizure, because most seizure types occur in different ) a person has is very important in choosing the best treatment. The type of medication prescribed will also depend on several factors specific to each patient, such as which side effects can be tolerated, other illnesses they may have, and which delivery method is acceptable.Below is a list of some of the most common brand-name drugs currently used to treat epilepsy. Your doctor may prefer that you take the brand name of anticonvulsant and not the generic substitution. Talk with your doctor about this important issue. ()Approved for use as an add-on treatment to other medications in treating partial onset seizures in patients age 16 years and older.Possible side effects include drowsiness, , fatigue, . ()Approved in 2018 for treatment of severe or hard-to-treat seizures including those in patients with and .Common side effects include lethargy, sleepiness, fatigue, increased appetite, diarrhea and sleep disorders. ( or )For partial, generalized tonic-clonic and mixed seizuresCommon adverse effects include fatigue, vision changes, nausea, dizziness, rash.()For use in adults with partial onset seizuresCommon side effects include insomnia, dizziness, fatigue, diplopia, and headache were most common in trials(), () and similar benzodiazepine tranquilizers such as ()Effective in short-term treatment of all seizures; used often in the emergency room to stop a seizure, particularly status epilepticus. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several medications for out-of-hospital use for the treatment of acute repetitive seizures or clusters.Diastat- a gel- a spray - a spray Other medications are commonly used for out-of-hospital rescue treatment but have not yet been approved by the FDA.Tolerance develops in most within a few weeks, so the same dose has less effect over time. () can be given orally, as an injection, in an IV or as a rectal .Side effects include tiredness, unsteady walking, nausea, depression, and loss of appetite. In children, they can cause drooling and hyperactivity. ()This drug is a once-a-day medication used alone or in combination with other anti-seizure drugs to treat partial-onset seizures.The most common side effects include dizziness, nausea, headache, , fatigue, vertigo, ataxia, blurred vision, and tremor. ()Used to treat absence seizuresAdverse effects include nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, and weight loss. ()Treats partial seizures alone and some partial and in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome; is used rarely and only when no other medications have been effective.Side effects include decreased appetite, weight loss, inability to sleep, , and . Although rare, the drug may cause bone marrow or . Therefore, the use of the drug is limited and patients taking it must have blood cell counts and liver tests regularly during therapy. ()Schedule IV drug approved for treating seizures in patients 2 and older who have .Common side effects include loss of appetite, vomiting, lethargy, problems with coordination including standing or walking, increased blood pressure, drooling, diarrhea, constipation. ()This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy.VIMPAT can be used alone or with other drugs.The drug comes as tablets, an oral solution, or injection.Side effects include dizziness, , and nausea. ()Treats partial, some generalized seizures and mixed seizures.Has few side effects, but rarely do people report dizziness, , or the potentially deadly . ()It is combined with other epilepsy drugs to treat partial seizures, primary generalized seizures and myoclonic (shock-like jerks of muscle) seizures.Side effects include tiredness, , and behavioral changes. (Oxtellar XR, )Used to treat partial seizures, it is a once-daily medicine used alone or with other medications to control seizures.Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, , vomiting, , and balance problems. ()The drug is approved to treat partial onset seizures and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in those aged 12 and older.The label carries a warning of potentially serious events including irritability, aggression, anger, anxiety, paranoia, euphoric mood, agitation, and changes in mental status. Oldest epilepsy medicine still in use. It is used to treat most forms of seizures and is known for its effectiveness and low cost.Side effects can be sleepiness or changes in behavior. ()Controls partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures; also can be given by vein (intravenously) in the hospital to rapidly control active seizures, although if the drug is being delivered by IV, () is usually used.Side effects include dizziness, fatigue, slurred speech, acne, rash, gum thickening, and increased hair (). Over the long term, the drug can cause bone thinning. ()Used with other epilepsy drugs to treat partial seizures, but is used more often to treat .Side effects include dizziness, sleepiness (somnolence), , peripheral edema, blurred vision, weight gain, and difficulty with concentration/attention. ()Used with other epilepsy drugs to treat partial seizures with or without generalized seizuresCommon side effects include dizziness, fatigue, weakness, irritability, anxiety, and confusion. (Used with other drugs to treat partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures. It is also used with absence seizures.Side effects include sleepiness, dizziness, speech problems, nervousness, memory problems, visions problems, weight loss., (, )Used to treat partial, absence, and generalized tonic-clonic seizuresCommon side effects include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tremor, hair loss, weight gain, in adults, irritability in children, reduced attention, a decrease in thinking speed. Over the long term, the drug can cause bone thinning, swelling of the ankles, irregular menstrual periods. More rare and dangerous effects include , liver damage, decreased platelets (clotting cells), and problems.Should not be taken if pregnant. ()Used with other drugs to treat partial, generalized and myoclonic seizuresAdverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, unsteady gait, kidney stones, abdominal discomfort, headache, and rash.Other drugs used for seizures include (), (), (), (), stiripentol (), and ().Rescue Medications/TreatmentsRescue medications do not take the place of daily medications and should only be used to help stop a seizure quickly in emergency situations. Depending on the circumstance, they can be administered:Nasally - Sprayed up the noseOrally - Swallowed in pill form Sublingually - Placed under the tongue to dissolveBuccally - Placed between the cheek and the gum to dissolveRectally - Given via a gel through the anus The most commonly used medications are benzodiazepines because they get into the bloodstream quickly to start working on the brain to stop the seizure. They include: - given orally (if the person is awake), as a nasal spray - rectally - orally, sublingual (if the person is awake) - - can be given nasally (), buccally, orallyEpilepsy Drug GuidelinesIt may take several months before the best drug and dosage are determined for you. During this adjustment period, you will be carefully monitored through frequent blood tests to measure your response to the medication.It is very important to keep your follow-up appointments with your doctor and the lab to minimize your risk for serious side effects and prevent complications.When seizures continue despite treatment for epilepsy, it may be because the episodes thought to be seizures are non-epileptic. In such cases, you should get a second opinion from a specialist and have so the diagnosis can be re-evaluated.In specialized centers, about 15% to 20% of patients referred for persistent seizures that defy treatment ultimately prove to have non-epileptic conditions.SourcesUpdate HistorySharePrintSOURCE: Epilepsy Foundation.News release, FDA.Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.News release, UCB Inc.SharePrintMore on Epilepsy Recommended FEATURED Top doctors in , Find more top doctors on Search Related LinksPoliciesAboutFor Advertisers © 2005 - 2025 WebMD LLC, an company. All rights reserved. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. , Seizure treatment varies based on the type, severity and cause. Your healthcare provider may recommend the following: Managing any underlying causes or conditions : Your provider will first treat any underlying conditions — like a stroke or low blood sugar., People who've had seizures most often can have healthy pregnancies. But some medicines used to treat seizures sometimes can cause health conditions that are present at birth. Valproic acid is a medicine for generalized seizures that has been linked with cognitive issues and neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, in babies..
Used to treat partial seizures, it is a once-daily medicine used alone or with other medications to control seizures. Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, headache , vomiting, double , Prescribe anti-seizure medicine or other treatment, if needed. Answer your questions about epilepsy. Refer you to an epilepsy specialist, if needed. Treatment. The most common treatments for epilepsy are medicine, surgical procedures, seizure devices, and a special diet. Medicine. Anti-seizure medicines limit the spread of seizures in the brain., Seizure Devices . While medicines and surgery may be effective for some, others might find these treatment options unavailable or ineffective. Seizure devices send small electric currents to the nervous system, and they change how brain cells act and help them go back to their normal state., , , .