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Mycophenolate mofetil reduces proliferation of B and T cells of the immune system and also suppresses antibody formation by B cells. A recent randomized, masked, multicenter trial of 164 patients showed patients treated with steroids followed by a prolonged course of mycophenolate (83 patients) had statistically significant improvement in symptoms, eyelid swelling, and caruncle swelling compared to patients treated with steroids alone (81 patients) [7]. A separate single center study comparing 80 patients treated with mycophenolate versus 78 patients receiving steroid treatment showed statistically significant improvement in diplopia, as well as an average ≥3mm reduction in proptosis in the patients treated with mycophenolate. While there was disease reactivation in some patients treated with steroids, there was no disease reactivation in the mycophenolate group [8]. In both studies, more patients responded to treatment with mycophenolate, and duration of response was longer with mycophenolate compared to steroids. , TED is the most common cause of both orbital disease and exophthalmos (external protrusion of the eyeball from the socket) in North America and Europe. TED occurs more frequently in women than in men, with both sexes having two age ranges in which TED is most likely to be diagnosed. Females 16 per 100,000 (0.016%) females have TED, If TED is suspected, one must determine disease activity and severity in order to assess the urgency of treatment. Disease Activity. In assessing the activity level of TED in a patient, the clinical activity score (CAS) can be used [15]. At the initial visit, patients are given a CAS score of 1-7, one point for each sign or symptom (Figure 19):.
TED is a self-limiting disease, with patients moving from the active to quiescent phase within 1-3 years with a 5-10% risk of recurrence [10]. Treatment for TED should start at the time of the diagnosis, as treatment becomes less effective as the disease progresses from the early, acute, active phase to the chronic quiescent phase., TED is a self-limiting disease, with patients moving from the active to quiescent phase within 1-3 years with a 5-10% risk of recurrence Treatment for TED should start at the time of the diagnosis, as treatment becomes less effective as the disease progresses from the early, acute, active phase to the chronic quiescent phase., 我发现还是有很多人喜欢这份ted视频演讲清单，如果你对ted演讲感兴趣，老秦在这里也顺便给大家推荐两本书籍，作为工具书，评分还是非常不错的。 《TED - 演讲的力量：如何让公众表达变成影响力》豆瓣评分：8.1分, TED is a self-limiting disease and may present in one of two stages: active or quiescent (Figure 6). In the active stage, there is active inflammation, which can lead to orbital muscle enlargement, conjunctival injection and chemosis, ocular pain, and swelling of the periocular tissues and eyelids., TED affects extraocular muscles in a predictable manner [39]. The inferior rectus and medial rectus are most commonly involved. This presents as hypotropia and/or esotropia. Most TED patients with diplopia due to strabismus will not require surgical intervention, as most can be effectively managed with prism spectacles [39]., o However, sometimes TED can occur without TSI formation Clinical Presentation of TED About 90% of patients with TED also have some thyroid dysfunction - usually the thyroid is overactive (i.e. Graves' disease), but occasionally the thyroid is underactive (e.g. Hashimoto's thyroiditis). Most times, the diagnosis of TED and diagnosis of a thyroid.