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автомагнитола интернет магазин 2 дин автомагнитолы, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting | Harvard Guide to Using Sources, Paraphrase and Summary - Clemson University, Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing - Purdue OWL®, Precis vs. Summary - What's the Difference? | This vs. That, Paraphrasing and summarizing – Sourcing, summarizing, and synthesizing , How to Summarize | OISE Academic Skills Hub, Writing a Summary - Explanation & Examples - ResearchProspect.
When you summarize, you provide your readers with a condensed version of an author's key points. A summary can be as short as a few sentences or much longer, depending on the complexity of the text and the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers. You will need to summarize a source in your paper when you are going to refer to that source and you want your readers to understand the source's argument, main ideas, or plot (if the source is a novel, film, or play) before you lay out your own argument about it, analysis of it, or response to it. Before you summarize a source in your paper, you should decide what your reader needs to know about that source in order to understand your argument. For example, if you are making an argument about a novel, you should avoid filling pages of your paper with details from the book that will distract or confuse your reader. Instead, you should add details sparingly, going only into the depth that is necessary for your reader to understand and appreciate your argument. Similarly, if you are writing a paper about a journal article, you will need to highlight the most relevant parts of the argument for your reader, but you should not include all of the background information and examples. When you have to decide how much summary to put in a paper, it's a good idea to consult your instructor about whether you are supposed to assume your reader's knowledge of the sources. Guidelines for summarizing a source in your paper Identify the author and the source. Represent the original source accurately. Present the source’s central claim clearly. Don’t summarize each point in the same order as the original source; focus on giving your reader the most important parts of the source Use your own words. Don’t provide a long quotation in the summary unless the actual language from the source is going to be important for your reader to see. Example Stanley Milgram (1974) reports that ordinarily compassionate people will be cruel to each other if they are commanded to be by an authority figure. In his experiment, a group of participants were asked to administer electric shocks to people who made errors on a simple test. In spite of signs that those receiving shock were experiencing great physical pain, 25 of 40 subjects continued to administer electric shocks. These results held up for each group of people tested, no matter the demographic. The transcripts of conversations from the experiment reveal that although many of the participants felt increasingly uncomfortable, they continued to obey the experimenter, often showing great deference for the experimenter. Milgram suggests that when people feel responsible for carrying out the wishes of an authority figure, they do not feel responsible for the actual actions they are performing. He concludes that the increasing division of labor in society encourages people to focus on a small task and eschew responsibility for anything they do not directly control. This summary of Stanley Milgram's 1974 essay, "The Perils of Obedience," provides a brief overview of Milgram's 12-page essay, along with an APA style parenthetical citation. You would write this type of summary if you were discussing Milgram's experiment in a paper in which you were not supposed to assume your reader's knowledge of the sources. Depending on your assignment, your summary might be even shorter. When you include a summary of a paper in your essay, you must cite the source. If you were using APA style in your paper, you would include a parenthetical citation in the summary, and you would also include a full citation in your reference list at the end of your paper. For the essay by Stanley Milgram, your citation in your references list would include the following information: Milgram, S. (1974). The perils of obedience. In L.G. Kirszner & S.R. Mandell (Eds.), The Blair reader (pp.725-737)., When you summarize, you provide your readers with a condensed version of an author's key points. A summary can be as short as a few sentences or much longer, depending on the complexity of the text and the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers., Identify Key Points: Identify the main arguments, key facts, and critical supporting evidence. Write a Concise Summary: In your own words, craft a condensed version of the source, ensuring that the essential elements are retained..
Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly., By condensing the information, some of the supporting evidence or examples may be omitted, potentially leading to a loss of context or depth. Additionally, the brevity of a precis may result in a lack of clarity or precision, as certain details may be sacrificed in favor of conciseness., What, when, and why do scholars summarize? A summary is a condensed version of a longer text. Summaries of different lengths are useful in research writing because they provide readers with an explanation of supporting material. The first step in writing a good summary is to do a thorough reading of the text., Write Effective Notes: When you extract the main ideas and supporting details from sources, you create a condensed version that helps you quickly understand and review the material., Draft the Summary Convert your understanding into a condensed, coherent version of the original. How-To Start with a statement of the main idea. Follow with the key supporting points, maintaining logical order. Avoid including trivial details or examples unless they’re crucial to the primary message., As you sharpen your analytical skills, you might realize that you should use evidence from the text to back up the points you make. You might use direct quotes as support, but you can also consider using summary. A summary is a condensed version of a text, put into your own words..