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что приходит в голову в понедельник 100 к 1 ответ, Water fluoridation by country - Wikipedia, Water Fluoridation Status in Western Europe - Fluoride Action , Europe and Fluoridation: The Facts about How Europe Uses Fluoride, Fluoridation: 1. Introduction - Die Europäische Kommission, Extent of Water Fluoridation - British Fluoridation Society, Why did Europe stop adding fluoride to its drinking water?, Is fluoride considered a poison in most European countries?.
There are large differences in the amount of found naturally in water supplies. Observation of large populations suggested that people drinking water high in have better dental health, and less tooth decay, than those consuming less as they drink. As a result, some countries have added to drinking water as a public health measure. This remains controversial. Some suggest that it is unnecessary, because most people receive enough from other sources. These now include fluoridated toothpastes and mouthwashes, which are widely used. In addition, there have been suggestions that adding to drinking water can produce adverse health effects, and that the environmental risks of the most common fluoridating agents have not been fully assessed., The first water fluoridation in Europe was in West Germany and Sweden in 1952, bringing fluoridated water to about 42,000 people. By mid-1962, about 1 million Europeans in 18 communities in 11 countries were receiving fluoridated water., As the following table shows, only 3% of the population in western Europe is currently consuming fluoridated water. Europe’s reasons for not fluoridating its water are explained here. Despite not fluoridating its water, tooth decay rates in these western European countries are no higher than in the few western countries (e.g., the United States) that fluoridate […].
water fluoridation. 5. Some areas of Europe have water that is naturally fluoridated. In an article about water fluoridation, Italian researchers explained that their nation’s health officials believe it “is a good health measure,” but it is “not being currently adopted in Italy, In Europe, Ireland and some regions in Spain and the UK currently add fluoride to drinking water, at levels ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 mg/L. People’s exposure to fluoride varies a lot, depending on levels in water, what toothpaste they use, and other factors like use of mineral water and some kinds of tea., Around 6 million people in the UK are served by community water fluoridation schemes. Across the world an estimated 380 million people are served by community water fluoridation schemes. Around 13.5 million people in Europe are served by community water fluoridation schemes, including 6 million in the UK and 3.4 million in the Irish Republic., The focus on fluoridation may seem mysterious to some, given the US and Europe started adding fluoride to drinking water to boost children’s dental health in the mid-1900s. It has been shown to , The practice of water fluoridation has been controversial from day one. It was first introduced in the U.S. in the 1940s, when Grand Rapids, Mich. added fluoride to its public water supply in the wake of wide evidence that fluoride helps strengthen teeth and supports oral health., Around 13.5 million people in Europe are served by community water fluoridation schemes, including 6 million in the UK and 3.3 million in the Irish Republic. Under Irish legislation all public water supplies are fluoridated..