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читать книги онлайн бесплатно для 10 лет для девочек, Timing and Spacing of Immunobiologics | Vaccines & Immunizations | CDC, General Recommendations on Immunization - CDC Stacks, General Best Practices for Immunization, Part 1 - cdc.gov, Ask The Experts About Vaccines: Scheduling Vaccines | Immunize.org, 3. Timing and Spacing of Immunobiologics - vacs-facts.org, Recommended and Minimum Ages and Intervals Between Doses of Routinely , 3. Timing and Spacing of Immunobiologics - pid-el.com.
Limited data are available about the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of using acellular pertussis (i.e., DTaP) vaccines from different manufacturers for successive doses of the pertussis series. Data from one study indicate that for the first 3 doses of the DTaP series, 1–2 doses of Tripedia (Sanofi Pasteur) followed by Infanrix (GlaxoSmithKline) for the remaining dose (or doses) is comparable to 3 doses of Tripedia with regard to immunogenicity, as measured by antibodies to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis toxoids, and filamentous hemagglutinin77. However, in the absence of a clear serologic correlate of protection for pertussis, the relevance of these immunogenicity data for protection against pertussis is unknown. When feasible, the same brand of DTaP vaccine should be used for all doses of the vaccination series56. If vaccination providers do not know or have available the type of DTaP vaccine previously administered to a child, any DTaP vaccine may be used to continue or complete the series56. For a child who needs 2 doses of influenza vaccine (IIV or LAIV), it is preferable to use the same type of vaccine for both doses. However, if the child is eligible for either IIV or LAIV, and the type of vaccine used for the first dose is not available, either vaccine can be used for the second dose56. In a post licensure study, meningococcal conjugate vaccines from different manufacturers were evaluated for successive doses of meningococcal conjugate vaccine. Persistence of antibodies were studied in recipients of MCV4-CRM after previous receipt of either MCV4-CRM or MenACWY-D. The percentage of persons with protective titers were the same for all serogroups. No data exist on the use of MenACWY-D after MCV4-CRM. Health-care providers should use every opportunity to provide a dose when indicated, regardless of the vaccine brand used for the previous dose or doses. For vaccines in general, vaccination should not be deferred because the brand used for previous doses is not available or is unknown2978., Approximately 90%–95% of recipients of a single dose of certain live vaccines administered by injection at the recommended age (i.e., measles, rubella, and yellow fever vaccines) develop protective antibodies, generally within 14 days of the dose. For varicella and mumps vaccines, 80%–85% of vaccines are protected after a single dose., Two or more injectable or nasally administered live vaccines not administered on the same day should be separated by at least 4 weeks (Table 3), to minimize the potential risk for interference..
Spacing of Live Vaccines Not Given Simultaneously If 2 live parenteral or intranasal vaccines are given fewer than 28 days apart, the vaccine given second should be repeated., According to ACIP’s “General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization”, concerns about spacing between doses of live vaccines not given at the same visit applies only to live injectable or intranasal vaccines., Live vaccines must replicate in order to induce an immune response. Several factors can interfere with replication, and these are a driving factor in the principles of timing and spacing of live vaccine. These principles will be discussed later in this chapter., When administering combination vaccines, the minimum age for administration is the oldest age for any of the individual components; the minimum interval between doses is equal to the greatest interval of any of the individual components., Live vaccines must replicate in order to induce an immune response. Several factors can interfere with replication, and these are a driving factor in the principles of timing and spacing of live vaccine. These principles will be discussed later in this chapter., This chapter discusses best practices related to vaccine timing and spacing, dosing, adverse reactions, and contraindications and precautions for routinely recommended vaccines in the United States..