There have been many accidents caused by incorrect airspeed information due to an iced-over pitot including the Northwest B727 accident where the three-man flight crew fixated on the increasing airspeed as they climbed., In this paper, we have gathered information on various types of common faults in sensors and actuators in aerospace systems and fault detection and diagnosis techniques with the support of an extensive literature review., Learn how setup and hold violations cause metastable events and timing errors., Digital flight control systems utilize redundant hardware to meet high reliability requirements. In this study we use the SMVmodel checker to assess the design correctness of a sensor voter algorithm used to manage three redundant sensors. The sensor voter design is captured as a Simulink diagram., Metastability is a phenomenon that can cause unpredictable behavior in digital circuits, leading to system failures that are difficult to diagnose and reproduce. Understanding metastability, its causes, and how to mitigate its effects is crucial for designing reliable FPGA-based systems., In the simplest case, designers can tolerate metastability by making sure the clock period is long enough to allow for the resolution of quasi-stable states and for the delay of whatever logic may be in the path to the next flip-flop..