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Inventions & ScienceInventions & ScienceNatural Disasters & EnvironmentNatural Disasters & EnvironmentSpace ExplorationSpace ExplorationArchaeologyArchaeologyHISTORY Honors 250Stream HISTORYStream HISTORYBy: HISTORY.com Editors ExplorationVasco da GamaHISTORY.com EditorsGetty ImagesPublished: December 18, 2009Last Updated: May 28, 2025PrintShareTable of contentsTable of contentsThe Portuguese nobleman Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) sailed from Lisbon in 1497 on a mission to reach India and open a sea route from Europe to the East. After sailing down the western coast of Africa and rounding the Cape of Good Hope, his expedition made numerous stops in Africa before reaching the trading post of Calicut, India, in May 1498. Da Gama received a hero’s welcome back in Portugal, and was sent on a second expedition to India in 1502, during which he brutally clashed with Muslim traders in the region. Two decades later, da Gama again returned to India, this time as Portuguese viceroy; he died there of an illness in late 1524.Vasco da Gama’s Early Life and First Voyage to IndiaBorn circa 1460, Vasco da Gama was the son of a minor nobleman who commanded the fortress at Sines, located on the coast of the Alentejo province in southwestern Portugal. Little else is known about his early life, but in 1492 King John II sent da Gama to the port city of Setubal (south of Lisbon) and to the Algarve region to seize French ships in retaliation for French attacks on Portuguese shipping interests.Did you know?By the time Vasco da Gama returned from his first voyage to India in 1499, he had spent more than two years away from home, including 300 days at sea, and had traveled some 24,000 miles. Only 54 of his original crew of 170 men returned with him; the majority (including da Gama's brother Paolo) had died of illnesses such as scurvy.In 1497, John’s successor, King Manuel I (crowned in 1495), chose da Gama to lead a Portuguese fleet to India in search of a maritime route from Western Europe to the East. At the time, the Muslims held a monopoly of trade with India and other Eastern nations, thanks to their geographical position. Da Gama sailed from Lisbon that July with four vessels, traveling south along the coast of Africa before veering far off into the southern Atlantic in order to avoid unfavorable currents. The fleet was finally able to round the Cape of Good Hope at Africa’s southern tip in late November, and headed north along Africa’s eastern coast, making stops at what is now Mozambique, Mombasa and Malindi (both now in Kenya). With the help of a local navigator, da Gama was able to cross the Indian Ocean and reach the coast of India at Calicut (now Kozhikode) in May 1498.Vasco da Gama: Fast FactsNobleman and explorer Vasco da Gama established a trade route that linked Portugal directly with the Indian spice market. Learn how he managed to sail around Africa's Cape of Good Hope in this video.Relations with Local Population & Rival TradersThough the local Hindu population of Calicut initially welcomed the arrival of the Portuguese sailors (who mistook them for Christians), tensions quickly flared after da Gama offered their ruler a collection of relatively cheap goods as an arrival gift. This conflict, along with hostility from Muslim traders, led Da Gama to leave without concluding a treaty and return to Portugal. A much larger fleet, commanded by Pedro Alvares Cabral, was dispatched to capitalize on da Gama’s discoveries and secure a trading post at Calicut.After Muslim traders killed 50 of his men, Cabral retaliated by burning 10 Muslim cargo vessels and killing the nearly 600 sailors aboard. He then moved on to Cochin, where he established the first Portuguese trading post in India. In 1502, King Manuel put da Gama in charge of another Indian expedition, which sailed that February. On this voyage, da Gama attacked Arab shipping interests in the region and used force to reach an agreement with Calicut’s ruler. For these brutal demonstrations of power, da Gama was vilified throughout India and the region. Upon his return to Portugal, by contrast, he was richly rewarded for another successful voyage.Da Gama’s Later Life and Last Voyage to IndiaDa Gama had married a well-born woman sometime after returning from his first voyage to India; the couple would have six sons. For the next 20 years, da Gama continued to advise the Portuguese ruler on Indian affairs, but he was not sent back to the region until 1524, when King John III appointed him as Portuguese viceroy in India.Da Gama arrived in Goa with the task of combating the growing corruption that had tainted the Portuguese government in India. He soon fell ill, and in December 1524 he died in Cochin. His body was later taken back to Portugal for burial there.Related Articles ExplorationThe Expedition That Proved Antarctica Was a ContinentCharles Wilkes' discoveries redrew the map of the world. Exploration4 Myths About When Montezuma Met CortésThe encounter between the Spanish explorer and Aztec king changed the course of history. But the story has long been told from one side. European HistoryWhy Sir Walter Raleigh Was BeheadedFour hundred years ago, one of England's famous explorers fell lethally out of favor. Ancient AmericasHow Hernán Cortés Conquered the Aztec EmpireThe Aztec capital Tenochtitlán fell in two years to the Spanish.See All ArticlesAbout the authorHISTORY.com Editors works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Articles with the “HISTORY.com Editors” byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including , , , Christian Zapata and Cristiana Lombardo.Fact CheckWe strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.Citation InformationArticle titleVasco da GamaAuthorHISTORY.com EditorsWebsite NameHistoryURLhttps://www.history.com/articles/vasco-da-gamaDate AccessedAugust 16, 2025PublisherA&E Television NetworksLast UpdatedMay 28, 2025Original Published DateDecember 18, 2009History RevealedSign up for "Inside History"Get fascinating history stories twice a week that connect the past with today’s world, plus an in-depth exploration every Friday.Your emailSign UpBy submitting your information, you agree to receive emails from HISTORY and A+E Global Media. You can opt out at any time. You must be 16 years or older and a resident of the United States.More details: Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | Contact UsHISTORY EducationHISTORY Vault™HISTORY AppsHISTORY2™HISTORY en Español®Military HISTORY®Newsletter Sign UpShare Your OpinionsFAQ / Contact UsAdvertise with UsA+E Factual Studios™A+E Studios®Employment OpportunitiesAccessibility SupportTV Parental GuidelinesAdvertise with UsA+E Factual Studios™A+E Studios®Employment OpportunitiesAccessibility SupportTV Parental Guidelines© 2025, A&E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved.Terms of UsePrivacy PolicyCopyright PolicyCookie NoticeAd Choices, Vasco da Gama, Portuguese navigator whose voyages to India in the late 15th and early 16th centuries opened up the sea route from western Europe to the East by way of the Cape of Good Hope., Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer of the late 15th and early 16th centuries, achieved a series of remarkable feats that left an enduring mark on history. His expeditions and accomplishments reshaped global trade routes, expanded maritime exploration, and established Portugal as a dominant player in the Age of Exploration..
Da Gama led two of the Portuguese India Armadas, the first and the fourth. The latter was the largest, and departed for India three years after his return from the first. As reward for his accomplishments, da Gama was appointed Governor of India in 1524, with the title of Viceroy, and was ennobled the Count of Vidigueira in 1519., The Portuguese nobleman Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) sailed from Lisbon in 1497 on a mission to reach India and open a s, 8 Major Accomplishments of Vasco Da Gama Vasco da Gama is regarded as one of the tallest legends in the history of the world for his explorations and particularly because he established the sea route from Western Europe to India., In conclusion, Vasco da Gama’s life and achievements have left an indelible mark on history. As a navigator, explorer, and agent of change, he epitomized the spirit of exploration that defined the Age of Discovery., Vasco da Gama, (c.1469 – 1524) was a Portuguese explorer, one of the most successful in the European Age of Discovery and the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India., Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama was commissioned by the Portuguese king to find a maritime route to the East. He was the first person to sail directly from Europe to India..