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Who was Richard the Lionheart?Profile of Richard I.(more)See all videos for this articleRichard I (born September 8, 1157, , England—died April 6, 1199, Châlus, duchy of ) was the of (from 1168) and of (from 1172) and of , duke of , and count of (1189–99). His manner and his prowess in the (1189–92) made him a popular king in his own time as well as the hero of countless romantic . He has been viewed less kindly by more recent historians and scholars. Early life Richard was the third son of and . He was given the duchy of Aquitaine, his mother’s inheritance, at age 11 and was enthroned as duke at Poitiers in 1172. Richard possessed precocious political and ability, won fame for his knightly prowess, and quickly learned how to control the turbulent aristocracy of and . Like all of Henry II’s legitimate sons, he had little or no filial piety, foresight, or sense of responsibility. He joined his brothers in the great rebellion (1173–74) against their father, who invaded Aquitaine twice before Richard submitted and received pardon. Thereafter Richard was occupied with suppressing baronial revolts in his own duchy. His harshness infuriated the , who revolted in 1183 and called in the help of the “Young King” and his brother of Brittany in an effort to drive Richard from his duchy altogether. Alarmed at the threatened disintegration of his , Henry II brought the feudal host of his continental lands to Richard’s aid, but the younger Henry died suddenly (June 11, 1183) and the uprising collapsed. Richard was now heir to England and to Normandy and Anjou (which were regarded as inseparable), and his father wished him to yield Aquitaine to his youngest brother, . But Richard, a true southerner, would not surrender the duchy in which he had grown up, and even appealed, against Henry II, to the young king of , . In November 1188 he did homage to Philip for all the English holdings on French soil and in 1189 openly joined forces with Philip to drive Henry into abject submission. They chased him from to , forced him to acknowledge Richard as his heir, and at last harried him to his death (July 6, 1189). King of England Richard ICoronation procession of Richard I in 1189.(more)Richard received Normandy on July 20 and the English throne on September 30. Richard, unlike Philip, had only one ambition, to lead the prompted by ’s capture of in 1187. He had no conception of planning for the future of the English monarchy and put up everything for sale to buy arms for the Crusade. Yet he had not become king to preside over the dismemberment of the . He broke with Philip and did not neglect Angevin defenses on the Continent. Open war was averted only because Philip also took the Crusader’s cross. Richard dipped deep into his father’s treasure and sold sheriffdoms and other offices. With all this he raised a formidable fleet and an army, and in 1190 he departed for the Holy Land, traveling via . Sicily Richard found the Sicilians hostile and took by storm (October 4). To prevent the German emperor from ruling their country, the Sicilians had elected the native , who had imprisoned the late king’s wife, Joan of England (Richard’s sister), and denied her possession of her dower. By the Treaty of Messina Richard obtained for Joan her release and her dower, acknowledged Tancred as king of Sicily, declared (Richard’s nephew) to be his own heir, and provided for Arthur to marry Tancred’s daughter. This treaty infuriated the Germans, who were also taking part in the Third Crusade, and it incited Richard’s brother John to treachery and rebellion. Richard joined the other Crusaders at on June 8, 1191, having conquered on his way there. While at in Cyprus, Richard married (May 12) Berengaria of Navarre., Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199), known as Richard the Lionheart or Richard Cœur de Lion (Old Norman French: Quor de Lion) [2][3] because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior, [4][b] was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199., Who was Richard the Lionheart? Profile of Richard I. Richard I (born September 8, 1157, Oxford, England—died April 6, 1199, Châlus, duchy of Aquitaine) was the duke of Aquitaine (from 1168) and of Poitiers (from 1172) and king of England, duke of Normandy, and count of Anjou (1189–99)..
A legend in his own lifetime, famed both for his military leadership and utterly ruthless approach to warfare, Richard the Lionheart has become one of the greatest figures in European history, and his arms of three lions are still used by the British royal family today., Here are 10 facts about him. 1. He was engaged at just nine years old. Richard’s father, Henry II of England (he was also the Count of Anjou and the Duke of Normandy), arranged for his nine-year-old son to become betrothed to French King Louis VII’s daughter Princess Alais, also aged nine. But the wedding never actually went ahead., All English school children learn about this great king who reigned from 1189-1199. He earned the title ‘Coeur-de-Lion’ or ‘Lion Heart’ as he was a brave soldier, a great crusader, and won many battles against Saladin, the leader of the Muslims who were occupying Jerusalem at that time., Richard the Lionheart is credited with the creation of the three lions emblem found in the Royal Emblem of England. Despite his short-tempered and conceited nature, he is remembered for his honorable crusading efforts and impact on Christians’ lives during their persecution., Richard the Lionheart, the warrior king of medieval England, is one of the most captivating historical figures. Known as “the Lionheart,” he was born Richard I and represents unrivaled power and courage. Richard’s life is an intriguing story of bravery, leadership, and controversy., Explore the life and legacy of Richard I, known as Richard the Lionheart, from his early years and ascension to the throne to his significant role in the Third Crusade..