презентация детских игровых уголков в детских садах
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In 1773 he began his major lifework—applying Newtonian gravitation to the entire solar system—by taking up a particularly troublesome problem: why appeared to be continuously shrinking while continually expanded. The mutual gravitational interactions within the solar system were so complex that mathematical solution seemed impossible; indeed, Newton had concluded that divine intervention was periodically required to preserve the system in equilibrium. Laplace announced the invariability of planetary mean motions (average angular velocity). This discovery in 1773, the first and most important step in establishing the stability of the solar system, was the most important advance in physical since Newton. It won him associate membership in the the same year.Applying quantitative methods to a comparison of living and nonliving systems, Laplace and the chemist in 1780, with the aid of an ice calorimeter that they had invented, showed respiration to be a form of combustion. Returning to his astronomical investigations with an examination of the entire subject of planetary —mutual gravitational effects—Laplace in 1786 proved that the eccentricities and inclinations of planetary orbits to each other will always remain small, constant, and self-correcting. The effects of perturbations were therefore conservative and periodic, not cumulative and disruptive.During 1784–85 Laplace worked on the subject of attraction between spheroids; in this the potential of later can be recognized for the first time. Laplace explored the problem of the attraction of any spheroid upon a particle situated outside or upon its surface. Through his discovery that the of a mass upon a particle, regardless of direction, can be obtained directly by differentiating a single function, Laplace laid the mathematical foundation for the scientific study of heat, magnetism, and electricity.Laplace removed the last apparent anomaly from the theoretical description of the solar system in 1787 with the announcement that lunar depends on the eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit. Although the mean of the around the Earth depends mainly on the gravitational attraction between them, it is slightly diminished by the pull of the Sun on the Moon. This solar action depends, however, on changes in the eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit resulting from perturbations by the other planets. As a result, the Moon’s mean motion is accelerated as long as the Earth’s orbit tends to become more circular; but, when the reverse occurs, this motion is retarded. The inequality is therefore not truly cumulative, Laplace concluded, but is of a period running into millions of years. The last threat of instability thus disappeared from the theoretical description of the solar system., Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (/ ləˈplɑːs /; French: [pjɛʁ simɔ̃ laplas]; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French polymath, a scholar whose work has been instrumental in the fields of physics, astronomy, mathematics, engineering, statistics, and philosophy., Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (born March 23, 1749, Beaumount-en-Auge, Normandy, France—died March 5, 1827, Paris) was a French mathematician, astronomer, and physicist who was best known for his investigations into the stability of the solar system..
Pierre-Simon Laplace was the most prominent exponent of 19th century probability theory. His major probabilistic work, the Th ́eorie ana-lytique des probabilit ́es considerably influenced the development of mathe-matical probability and statistics right to the beginning of the 20th century., Pierre-Simon Laplace, also known as Marquis de Laplace, was a French astronomer and mathematician who became famous for his theory regarding the beginnings of the solar system., The French mathematician Pierre Simon, Marquis de Laplace (1749-1827), made outstanding contributions to pure mathematics, probability theory, and dynamical astronomy. Pierre Simon Laplace was born on March 23, 1749, at Beaumont-en-Auge in Normandy., Pierre Simon Marquis de Laplace, an 18th-century French scholar, significantly contributed to mathematics and astronomy, shaping our understanding of the cosmos and celestial bodies., Pierre-Simon de Laplace ou Pierre-Simon Laplace 1, 2, comte Laplace, puis 1er marquis de Laplace, né le 23 mars 1749 à Beaumont-en-Auge et mort le 5 mars 1827 à Paris, est un mathématicien, astronome, physicien et homme politique français., Astronomer and mathematician. Member of the Académie des Sciences, 1773, and of the Académie Française, 1816; Minister of Interior during the French Consulate; made Count of the Empire in 1808, and Marquis in 1817..