формирование речи у детей с отклонениями в развитии
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формирование речи у детей с отклонениями в развитии, Chronic respiratory diseases - World Health Organization (WHO), Health consequences of air pollution - World Health Organization (WHO), Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), How air pollution is destroying our health - World Health Organization , Billions of people still breathe unhealthy air: new WHO data, Air quality, energy and health - World Health Organization (WHO), Asthma - World Health Organization (WHO).
What are the public health impacts of air pollution?Exposure to high levels of air pollution can cause various health outcomes. Therefore, the short—and long-term public health consequences of air pollution exposure should be carefully assessed, in particular the impacts of fine particles which penetrate deep into the lung passageways and pose a significant threat to public health. Increased health risks, such as respiratory infections, heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer, can severely affect people who are already ill, such as children, the elderly, and poor people. Furthermore, poor air quality increases the risk of stillbirth, miscarriage, and neurological conditions such as cognitive impairment and dementia.In 2019, air pollution caused about . Of these, almost 85% are attributable to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including ischemic heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes. This makes air pollution the second leading cause of NCDs globally after tobacco.What can we do to protect ourselves?Solutions to air pollution are to protect public health. We all need to do more--a lot more--swiftly and proactively to reduce air pollution. Coordinated efforts with active involvement of all sectors are crucial. This includes governments (on national, state, and local levels), cities, communities, and individuals.To national governments: Reduce emissions and set national standards that meet . Invest in research and education about clean air and pollution—here are some vital tools to policies and progress on air quality actions.To cities and local communities: Different sectors should include health in all policies, with sufficient data and tools to assess health outcomes.To individuals: Stand up for your right to healthy and sustainable environments. Hold your government accountable.All of us – Think and rethink how we live and consume and make sustainable choices for ourselves, our children, and our children’s children.What is particulate matter? is particles in the air, including dust, dirt, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets. Diesel vehicles and coal-fired power plants typically emit large particulate matter concentrations. For example, particles smaller than 10 micrometers in diameter (PM10) pose a serious health concern because they can be inhaled and accumulate in the respiratory system. Specifically, particles less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter (PM2.5), also called "fine" particles, pose the greatest health risks. Because of their small size (approximately 1/30th the average width of a human hair), they lodge themselves deep into the lungs and can penetrate into the blood stream.What are the sources of air pollution? include inefficient modes of transport (polluting fuels and vehicles), inefficient combustion of household fuels for cooking, lighting and heating, coal-fired power plants, agriculture, and waste burning.Some air pollutants are also greenhouse gases and with significant climate impacts. This further affects the burden of morbidity and mortality caused by air pollution.What can countries do to reduce air pollution? to reduce the health consequences of air pollution include:developing sustainable transport in citiesimplementing solid waste managementproviding access to clean household fuels and cookstovesdeveloping market for renewable energies and energy efficiencyimplementing industrial emissions reductions.How does WHO work with countries to reduce air pollution?WHO identifies and monitors air pollutants that have the greatest impact on people's health. This, in turn, supports countries in focusing on the most effective way to prevent or reduce health risks. WHO reviews and analyzes scientific evidence and uses expert advice to draw conclusions on how air pollutants affect health. It identifies effective measures to reduce air pollution.In 2015, WHO Member States adopted . Member States then agreed on a road map for “. WHO's work to address the health consequences of air pollution and lack of energy access rests on four pillars:Expanding the knowledge baseMonitoring and reportingGlobal leadership and coordinationInstitutional capacity strengtheningWHO's Strategy on Air Quality and HealthWHO's strategy on air quality, energy, and health identifies concrete actions where the health sector can have a lead or supporting role in promoting health in all policies and ensuring access to quality health services. The three cross-cutting areas are:1. Knowledge, evidence and measuring progress;2. Institutional capacity building and technical support; and3. Leadership and coordination.The elaborates a framework and related actions for 2023-2030 to strengthen WHO’s efforts to protect populations from the health consequences of air pollution and lack of energy access.Note to editors:This press release was updated on 25 June 2024 to reflect revised data and links., The two most common chronic respiratory diseases are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These both affect the airways in the lungs. Asthma is characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing due to airway narrowing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person., Increased health risks, such as respiratory infections, heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer, can severely affect people who are already ill, such as children, the elderly, and poor people. Furthermore, poor air quality increases the risk of stillbirth, miscarriage, and neurological conditions such as cognitive impairment and dementia..
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems. It is sometimes called emphysema or chronic bronchitis. In people with COPD, the lungs can get damaged or clogged with phlegm., More than 27% of those deaths – 1.7 million – were attributable to environmental factors, with air pollution foremost among them. Globally, lower respiratory infections are the second leading cause of death for children under 5 years. Every year, 442 000 children (as of 2022) younger than 5 years die prematurely from breathing polluted air., Almost the entire global population (99%) breathes air that exceeds WHO air quality limits, and threatens their health. A record number of over 6000 cities in 117 countries are now monitoring air quality, but the people living in them are still breathing unhealthy levels of fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, with people in low and middle-income countries suffering the highest , Desert dust episodes contribute directly to air pollution by increasing particulate matter concentrations and in some regions is an important – sometimes main – source. Desert dust episodes – or sand and dust storms – constitute a growing public health, mainly for respiratory diseases, and environmental concern for many areas of the world., The Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) contributes to WHO’s work to prevent and control chronic respiratory diseases. GARD is a voluntary alliance of national and international organizations and agencies from many countries committed to the vision of a world where all people breathe freely. References. 1., Sand and dust storms episodes contribute directly to air pollution by increasing particulate matter concentrations. In some regions dust is a main source of air pollution from particulate matter. These dust episodes constitute a growing environmental and public health concern, mainly for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases..