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фильмы с олегом янковским смотреть онлайн бесплатно, Carboxylic acid | Structure, Properties, Formula, Uses, & Facts , Carboxylic acid - Lactones, Organic Compounds, Reactions | Britannica, carboxylic acid summary | Britannica, Carbonyl group | Aldehydes, Ketones & Organic Compounds - Britannica, Carboxylic acid - Properties, Structure, Reactions | Britannica, Carboxylic acid - Polyamides, Synthesis, Esters | Britannica, Carboxyl group | chemistry | Britannica.
of carboxylic acids and their salts The IUPAC name of a carboxylic acid is derived from that of the longest carbon chain that contains the carboxyl group by dropping the final -e from the name of the parent alkane and adding the suffix -oic followed by the word “acid.” The chain is numbered beginning with the carbon of the carboxyl group. Because the carboxyl carbon is understood to be carbon 1, there is no need to give it a number. For example, the compound CH3CH2COOH has three carbon atoms and is called propanoic acid, from , the name for a three-carbon chain, with -oic acid, the suffix for this class of compounds, appended. If the carboxylic acid contains a carbon-carbon double bond, the ending is changed from -anoic acid to -enoic acid to indicate the presence of the double bond, and a number is used to show the location of the double bond. Most simple carboxylic acids, rather than being called by their IUPAC names, are more often referred to by common names that are older than their systematic names. Most simple carboxylic acids were originally isolated from biological sources; because their structural formulas were often unknown at the time of isolation they were given names that were generally derived from the names of the sources. For example, CH3CH2CH2COOH, , first obtained from , was named after the Latin butyrum, meaning “butter.” The acids containing an odd number of carbon atoms greater than nine generally do not have common names. The reason is that long-chain carboxylic acids were originally isolated from fats (which are carboxylic esters), and generally these fats contain carboxylic acids with only an even number of carbon atoms (because the process by which living organisms synthesize such fatty acids puts the molecules together in two-carbon pieces). When common names are used, substituents on the chain are designated by Greek letters rather than by numbers, and counting begins not with the carboxyl carbon but with the adjacent carbon. For example, the common name of the following compound γ-aminobutyric acid, abbreviated GABA. Its IUPAC name is 4-aminobutanoic acid. GABA is an inhibitory in the central of humans. , Carboxylic acid, any of a class of organic compounds in which a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom by a double bond and to a hydroxyl group by a single bond., For example, the antibiotic erythromycin possesses a 14-membered lactone ring in addition to other functional groups. Lactones are generally named after the carboxylic acid by using the suffix -lactone..
carboxylic acid, Any organic compound with the general chemical formula ―COOH in which a carbon (C) atom is bonded to an oxygen (O) atom by a double bond to make a carbonyl group (―C=O; see functional group) and to a hydroxyl group (―OH) by a single bond (see bonding)., In carboxylic acids and their derivatives, the carbonyl group is attached to one of the halogen atoms or to groups containing atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. These atoms do affect the carbonyl group, forming a new functional group with distinctive properties., The difference is that two molecules of a carboxylic acid form two hydrogen bonds with each other (two alcohol molecules can only form one). Thus, carboxylic acids exist as dimers (pairs of molecules), not only in the liquid state but even to some extent in the gaseous state., Carboxylic acid - Polyamides, Synthesis, Esters: Polyamides can be formed by two different methods. The first is the condensation of molecules that contain both a carboxyl and an amino (NH2or NH) group. This is the method by which proteins are synthesized in nature., …fatty acids is the acidic carboxyl group (COOH). It reacts with alcohols (R′OH) to form products known as esters (RCOOR′) and releases water in the process., Ester, any of a class of organic compounds that react with water to produce alcohols and organic or inorganic acids. Esters derived from carboxylic acids are the most common. Learn about the different types and reactions of esters and more in this article..