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учебник по всеобщей истории 9 класс загладин ответы, Offshore oil and natural gas in depth - U.S. Energy , Offshore drilling - Wikipedia, How Offshore Drilling Works - HowStuffWorks, Offshore Oil And Gas Drilling: A Comprehensive Guide, Offshore Drilling Explained: Technology, Safety, and the , The Basics of Offshore Oil & Gas - NOIA, What is offshore drilling? - SurferToday.com.
Coile, Zachery. "McCain calls for more offshore drilling." San Francisco Chronicle. June 17, 2008. (Sept. 2, 2008)http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/06/17/MNR111A4M8.DTL&type=politicsFreudenrich, Craig. "How Oil Drilling Works." HowStuffWorks.com. April 12, 2001. (Sept. 2, 2008)https://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-drilling.Hale, Briony. "The ups and downs of life offshore." BBC News. June 18, 2002. (Sept. 2, 2008)http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2041404.stm"Happy Landings." The BP Magazine. 2008. (Sept. 2, 2008)http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9023145&contentId=7043392Holing, Dwight. "Coastal Alert." Island Press. 1990."Jackup building price surges on strong demand." Offshore Magazine. March 12, 2007. (Sept. 5, 2008)http://www.offshore-mag.com/display_article/286837/120/ARTCL/none/VESSL/Jackup-building-price-surges-on-strong-demand/Kelly, David. "Oil Rig, 9 Miles Offshore, Is Home and Work Above the Sea." Los Angeles Times. May 27, 2001. (Sept. 2, 2008)http://articles.latimes.com/2001/may/27/local/me-3292Little, Amanda Griscom. "Pumped Up: Chevron Drills Down 30,000 Feet to Tap Oil-Rich Gulf of Mexico." Wired. Aug. 21, 2007. (Sept. 2, 2008)http://www.wired.com/print/cars/energy/magazine/15-09/mf_jackrigMacalister, Terry. "More than half of North Sea oil rigs fail safety checks." Nov. 22, 2007. (Aug. 28, 2008)http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2007/nov/22/oil"Norwegian Billionaires' Oil-Rig Building Spree Raises Glut Risk." Bloomberg News. Oct. 11, 2005. (Sept. 5, 2008)http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=nifea&&sid=a0Vcxph3Y2ZU"Offshore Drilling." NaturalGas.org. 2004. (Sept. 2, 2008)http://www.naturalgas.org/naturalgas/extraction_offshore.asp"Offshore Drilling." World Petroleum Council. March 13, 2003. (Sept. 2, 2008)http://www.world-petroleum.org/education/offdrill/index.html"Petroleum production." Britannica Online Encyclopædia. 2008. (Sept. 2, 2008)http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1357080/petroleum-production"Petroleum Technologies Timeline." National Academy of Engineering. 2008. (Sept. 2, 2008)http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3675"Rank Order - oil - consumption." CIA World Fact Book. Aug. 21, 2008. (Aug. 27, 2008)https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2174rank.htmlSchlumberger Energy Glossary. 2023. (Sept. 2, 2008) "Spar Platform." GlobalSecurity.org. Nov. 11, 2006. (Sept. 2, 2008)http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/platform-spar.htmTotten, George E. "A Timeline of Highlights From the Histories of ASTM Committee DO2 and the Petroleum Industry." ASTM International. 2007 (Sept. 4, 2008)http://www.astm.org/COMMIT/D02/to1899_index.html"Tallest Buildings." SkyScraperCenter.com. 2023. , Most of the U.S. offshore energy production is oil and natural gas. The first offshore oil well was drilled in 1897 at the end of a wharf, 300 feet off the coast of Summerland, California. Early offshore drilling occurred in water less than 300 feet deep. Oil and natural gas drilling rigs now operate in water as deep as two miles., When offshore drilling moved into deeper waters of up to 30 metres (98 ft), fixed platform rigs were built, until demands for drilling equipment was needed in the 100 feet (30 m) to 120 metres (390 ft) depth of the Gulf of Mexico, the first jack-up rigs began appearing from specialized offshore drilling contractors. [11] Offshore drilling rig .
You've established your multimillion-dollar offshore drilling platform and, miles beneath you, there's a fortune in untapped petroleum deposits. The challenge in undersea drilling is transferring all that precious oil and gas from point A to point B without losing it and polluting the ocean., Offshore oil and gas drilling is a complex process that involves extracting reserves from underneath the seabed. It has been used for decades and remains essential in meeting energy needs for many , I. What is Offshore Drilling? Offshore drilling is the process of extracting petroleum and natural gas from underground reservoirs located beneath the seabed, typically in oceans, seas, or large lakes. It involves the use of specialized platforms or rigs—either fixed to the ocean floor or floating on the water surface—to drill through , Once a commercial viable well is found, and a company follows the appropriate regulations, operations switch from exploration and drilling to production. The offshore oil and natural gas industry has developed massive engineering marvels that drill at high-temperatures and high-pressures in ultra-deepwater., Offshore drilling is an irresistible temptation for many countries. It provides domestic economic self-sufficiency, creates jobs, boosts the economy of oil-based products, and attracts investment funds. However, offshore drilling accidents can destroy the marine life ecosystem in a matter of days., .