учебник по английскому деревянко 5 класс с ответами
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учебник по английскому деревянко 5 класс с ответами, White Cataract - EyeWiki, White Cataracts: They are not all the same! – Cataract Coach™, What to do with a White Cataract - Review of Ophthalmology, Mature Cataract: Signs, Causes, Effects, Diagnosis, Treatment, What Happens When a Cataract is Mature? – Eye Surgery Guide, Mature Cataract: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment - Centre For Sight, White Mature Cataract Decompression - American Academy of Ophthalmology.
The creation of a continuous circular capsulorhexis is key to any cataract surgery, and although surgeons can master this technique, there are some patient presentations that make it more tricky. White cataracts are one such situation. However, not all white cataracts are created equal, so a thorough understanding of the etiology will influence how to proceed with the surgery. We spoke with some experienced cataract surgeons who shared tips on techniques and tools that could make removal of white cataracts go more smoothly. Approaching a White CataractWhite cataracts are often age-related and develop due to delayed treatment. They can also be caused by trauma to the eye. Studies have found traumatic white cataracts can contribute to the dysfunction of the epithelium, therefore leading to an increased risk of capsular breaks during surgery.1 “The term white cataract by name simply describes what it looks like,” says Richard Davidson, MD, a professor of ophthalmology at the University of Colorado Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center. “It’s a very dense lens inside the eye. It could be from a regular age-related cataract becoming too mature over time and therefore becoming more dense. It could be from trauma, prior surgery such as a retinal detachment repair or an injection that accidentally broke the lens capsule—all of those things can lead to white cataracts.”The approach will be a little bit different based on the etiology of the cataract. “You must determine the etiology and properly identify it,” says Marjan Farid, MD, the director of cornea, cataract and refractive surgery at the University of California - Irvine School of Medicine. “Ask yourself: Is this a hypermature and centrally dense cataract that’s been around a long time? These cataracts appear white and have a significant cortical component and centrally they may be very mature and dense. “Or is it a young cataract that developed after a trauma?” Dr. Farid continues. “If there was some kind of recent trauma to the eye, those cataracts can turn white very quickly, but those will often be very soft with milky, liquified protein built up within the capsule, forming an intumescent cataract. As the lens doesn’t like to be touched, even subtle trauma to the eye or another ocular surgery can cause a rapid whitening of the cataract.”A significant amount of pre-surgical planning is necessary. “The first thing you want to do is perform a complete eye exam and you really want to get a feel for what caused this cataract and what the vision potential is for the eye,” says Dr. Davidson. “Does the eye have the ability to see? Sometimes that involves doing an ultrasound to see if the retina is detached and checking old records to see what the previous vision was just to try and figure out what was their best vision previously, and is there a chance of getting that vision back again.”Dr. Davidson says the surgery planning process should include a conversation with the patient. “I explain that this isn’t a routine case and there’s likely going to be a longer surgery, it’s going to be something that’s a little bit more complicated, and there’s a chance that we might have to get a retina specialist involved,” he says.Dr. Farid also counsels her patients and tempers their expectations. “Anytime we have one of these very complex cataracts, especially if it’s trauma related, I make sure to tell patients that we’re going to do our best to remove their cataract safely, however, due to the uncertainty of capsule stability they may require a subsequent surgery,” she says.“Make sure that you’ve explained to the patient that this isn’t what their next-door neighbor or family member had where they’re in and out in 10 minutes,” adds Dr. Davidson. “It could be 10 minutes, but it could be an hour, so you want to make sure that they understand that the chances of complications are higher. You want to document that conversation because that’s really important.”Discussing IOL options takes some additional consideration. “IOL offerings depend on what you think the vision potential is for the eye,” says Dr. Davidson. “Believe it or not, when I was a resident white cataracts usually meant poor vision potential—nowadays, there’s some patients coming in with white cataracts who actually want multifocal lenses or other ‘premium’ options. They have good vision potential in the eye and you really have to sit and counsel them carefully, and sometimes it’s hard to do because you don’t know exactly what that vision is going to be.”Dr. Farid avoids multifocals if the cataract is trauma related and she’s worried about zonular stability. “I’ll also avoid toric lenses due to concerns about lining up the lens appropriately with the visual axis,” she says., Mature, totally opaque cataracts prevent the organized transmission of light to the retina, rendering the patient completely blind in the affected eye. Mature cataracts can either be dark, such as brown or black, or white. This article will focus on the white cataract subtype., You've seen the notation in the patient chart: "DWC" which stands for Dense White Cataract, but there is actually a spectrum of cataracts that appear to be white. And they are not all dense and they can behave very differently during surgery..
It could be from a regular age-related cataract becoming too mature over time and therefore becoming more dense. It could be from trauma, prior surgery such as a retinal detachment repair or an injection that accidentally broke the lens capsule—all of those things can lead to white cataracts.”, In fact, cataracts are the leading cause of vision loss in the world. There are several different types of cataracts, but the most common is the mature cataract. In this blog post, we will discuss what you need to know about mature cataracts. We will cover symptoms, treatment options, and prevention tips. Defining Mature Cataract, White mature cataracts often feature delicate capsules with milky, opaque cortexes that can be difficult to open, necessitating frequent phaco probe regrasps and forceps use by surgeons and ophthalmologists to open them., White Mature Cataract: Indicates total opacification of the lens, often seen in advanced cortical cataracts. Brown (Brunescent) Cataract: Occurs in nuclear cataracts and can make surgery more challenging due to lens hardening., In this video, Dr. Stephen Tate describes his technique for intracapsular decompression of white mature cataracts to avoid the Argentinian flag sign. He begins by filling the anterior chamber with viscoelastic., In this guide, we’ll unravel the mystery behind one of the most critical stages of cataracts – the mature cataract. You’ll learn about its formation, the tell-tale signs, and the cutting-edge treatments available..