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универÑитет правоÑÑƒÐ´Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñанкт-петербурге ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ, THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT, 9/11 Commission Report - Wikipedia, 9/11 Commission report : fully updated with controversial third , 9/11 Commission Report | Office of Justice Programs, CNN.com - 9/11 commission full report - Jul 22, 2004, September 11 attacks - 9/11 Commission, Findings, Impact | Britannica, National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States.
Effective decisionmaking in New York was hampered by problems in command and control and in internal communications. Within the Fire Department of New York, this was true for several reasons: the magnitude of the incident was unforeseen; commanders had difficulty communicating with their units; more units were actually dispatched than were ordered by the chiefs; some units self-dispatched; and once units arrived at the World Trade Center, they were neither comprehensively accounted for nor coordinated. The Port Authority's response was hampered by the lack both of standard operating procedures and of radios capable of enabling multiple commands to respond to an incident in unified fashion. The New York Police Department, because of its history of mobilizing thousands of officers for major events requiring crowd control, had a technical radio capability and protocols more easily adapted to an incident of the magnitude of 9/11. , The 9/11 attack was driven by Usama Bin Ladin. In the 1980s, young Muslims from around the world went to Afghanistan to join as volunteers in a jihad (or holy struggle) against the Soviet Union., Two hijackers were from the United Arab Emirates, and one was from Lebanon. According to the commission, all 19 hijackers were members of the al-Qaeda terrorist organization, led by Osama bin Laden..
The rise of Bin Laden and al Qaeda (1988-1992) -- 2.4. Building an organization, declaring war on the United States (1992-1996) -- 2.5. Al Qaeda's renewal in Afghanistan (1996-1998) -- 3. Counterterrorism evolves -- 3.1. From the old terrorism to the new : the first World Trade Center bombing -- 3.2., Background information is provided on the evolution of al Qaeda and its leader Osama Bin Ladin, with attention to its reasons for declaring war on the United States, the building of its organization, its appeal in the Islamic world, and the evolution of its tactics., Failures to thwart 9/11 highlight agencies' inability to adapt to new problems. CIA effectiveness was limited by use of intermediaries to pursue Osama bin Laden. Information and analysis wasn't, al-Qaeda, broad-based militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the late 1980s and became one of the world’s most notorious terrorist organizations after carrying out the attacks of September 11, 2001., After the August 1998 bombings of the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, President Bill Clinton and his chief aides explored ways of getting Bin Ladin expelled from Afghanistan or possibly capturing or even killing him., Washington, D.C., June 19, 2012 – The National Security Archive today is posting over 100 recently released CIA documents relating to September 11, Osama bin Laden, and U.S. counterterrorism operations..