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топосъемка земельного участка стоимость новосибирск

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> > 正文戊戌政变后谭嗣同本有机会逃走 他为何甘愿赴死下载客户端独家抢先看1898年6月11日,以光绪皇帝颁布“明定国是”诏书为标志,一场轰轰烈烈、自上而下的维新变法运动全面启动。1898年是农历戊戌年,因此史称“戊戌变法”。然而,“戊戌变法”只持续了3个多月,9月21日凌晨,慈禧太后就突然回到紫禁城,囚禁了光绪皇帝,将“戊戌六君子”斩杀于北京宣武门外的菜市口刑场。谭嗣同是“戊戌变法六君子”之一。谭嗣同字复生,湖南浏阳人,生于1865年3月10日。谭嗣同的父亲谭继洵是一名官员,官至光禄大夫、湖北巡抚兼署湖广总督。谭嗣同虽然出身官宦家庭,却提倡新学,呼吁变法,还参加了著名的“公车上书”。1898年8月,在翰林院侍读学士徐致靖的推荐下,谭嗣同受到光绪皇帝召见,被授予四品卿衔,在军机章京上行走,参与新政。变法失败后,谭嗣同本来有机会逃走,但他拒绝了。他说:“各国变法无不从流血而成,今日中国未闻有因变法而流血者,此国之所以不昌也。有之,请自嗣同始!”9月28日,谭嗣同在留下“我自横刀向天笑,去留肝胆两昆仑”的绝唱,慷慨就义。少年时谭嗣同师从欧阳中鹄,后在其影响下加入维新派。他经历了大清帝国衰落腐败的过程,目睹了列强践踏下的中国到处民不聊生的情景,内心感触颇深。他主张中国要强盛,只有发展民族工商业,学习西方资产阶级的政治制度。公开提出废科举、兴学校、开矿藏、修铁路、办工厂、改官制等变法维新的主张。还写文章抨击清政府的卖国投降政策,对当局和列强签订的一系列不平等条约大加讨伐,呼吁国人团结一致,共御外辱。谭嗣同标新立异的观点和主张,终于引起了一心希望通过变革来拯救中国的光绪帝的注意。1898年(光绪二十四年)6月11日,光绪颁布《定国是诏》,同年8月,因为翰林院侍读学士徐致靖的推荐,谭嗣同被光绪帝征召入京,参与变法新政。在富丽堂皇的紫禁城大殿里,怀有忐忑之心的谭嗣同第一次见到了印象中似乎“软弱有余而魄力不足”的傀儡皇帝。时年二十八岁的光绪皇帝体态瘦弱,身量不高,在长年严格的宫廷教养下,举止文雅,仪态谦逊,皇帝面色苍白不甚健康,但他的五官相貌几乎无可挑剔。在崇尚文弱精致的中国古代宫廷,光绪皇帝可算“翩翩美少年”了。虽然谭嗣同对光绪的第一印象并无好感,但光绪决心革故鼎新消除顽疾,还世界一个全新有活力中国的观点和决心与他不谋而合,这才对年轻的皇帝刮目相看。1898年(光绪二十四年)9月5日,光绪下诏授给谭嗣同和林旭、刘光弟、杨锐四品卿衔军机章京,参与变法。光绪召见谭时曾说肺腑之言:“汝等所欲变者,俱可随意奏来,我必依从。即我有过失,汝等当面责我,我必速改。”光绪帝变法的决心和对维新派的信赖使谭嗣同非常感动,大有“士为知己者死”之感,决心倾尽毕生所学,为中国之变法开创先河,纵然鞠躬尽瘁,肝脑涂地亦无怨无悔,不负圣恩。谭嗣同听到政变失败消息后并不惊慌,没有像康梁一样惊弓之鸟般仓皇出逃,而是置自己的安危于不顾,多方活动,四下奔走,筹谋营救身陷囹圄的光绪帝。然终因计划仓促筹备不足而宣告失败。本来谭嗣同有好多逃走时机,在梁启超的《饮冰室合集》第一册中的《戊戌政变记谭嗣同传》中就清楚地记载:谭嗣同的许多日本朋友苦苦劝说谭嗣同东渡日本,以躲避慈禧太后的搜捕,但谭嗣同不为所动。而谭的挚友大刀王五也曾力劝谭嗣同远遁他乡,留得青山在不怕没柴烧,其好意也被谭婉拒了。据梁启超《谭嗣同之死》记载:九月二十八日谭嗣同于被斩于市,春秋三十有三。就义之日,观者万人,君慷慨神气不少变。时军机大臣刚毅监斩,君呼刚前曰:“吾有一言!”刚去不听,乃从容就戮,高呼“有心杀贼,无力回天,死得其所,快哉快哉!”呜呼,烈矣!据说谭嗣同行刑时被砍了二十余刀才断气,其状甚惨。其尸身被暴尸数日才被人收走掩埋,留给世人一段无比悲壮的怀念。那么究竟是什么原因才促使他引颈就戮,慷慨赴死呢?首先应该是光绪帝的原因。谭嗣同从一个籍籍无名的底层人士,自从被光绪帝赏识后,一跃成为四品卿衔,协助皇帝变法维新,官职实际上位同宰相,可谓一步登天,人前显贵。那么作为臣子的谭自然感恩戴德,何况光绪的变法理念还和自己一生的抱负息息相关。既能借助皇帝之手实现自己的理想,又能博得帝王欢心位极人臣,此等两全其美的事谭嗣同岂能不高兴,所以说对光绪帝的知遇之恩,谭自当涌泉相报。这也是变法失败后,光绪帝被慈禧太后囚禁时,谭嗣同仍然怀有侥幸,千方百计试图将光绪营救出来,而没有逃脱的一个重要原因。据《戊戌变法.王五传记》记载:戊戌变法失败后,谭嗣同被逮捕入狱。做为谭密友的大刀王五心急如焚,联络各地反清义士,并花重金买通狱卒,准备营救谭嗣同。但都被谭拒绝了。谭嗣同对王五道:皇帝尚在囹圄,做为臣子的岂能一逃了之,如此有违天道,决计不可!王五苦劝无果,只能黯然离去。其次应该是和谭的家庭有关。说起谭嗣同的家庭,不得不提到他的父亲。谭继洵(1823—1900),晚清重吏,于京城户部任官十六年,调通州监督坐粮厅,一年即调任甘肃巩秦阶道(1877年),六年后升任省按察史,隔二年提任布政史(管理一省财赋人事),于甘肃任职达十二年;光绪十五年调任湖北巡抚,尝两次兼代湖广总督,为正一品封疆大吏,累官赠光禄大夫。可以说谭家乃是富贵之家,谭父作为一品大吏,家世显赫,不说富可敌国但也家境殷实。本来谭父就对谭嗣同的变法之举相当抵触,认为他被人诱导而误入歧途。怎奈谭嗣同心意坚定,变法之心不改初衷,虽百死而不复返,最后宁愿人头落地亦不肯流落他乡。谭继洵做为朝廷重臣,自然难免株连其中,丢官罢职还是轻的,就怕老佛爷雷霆一怒,到时候覆巢之下,安有完卵?这个道理,谭嗣同岂能不知。所以说他才在康梁如惊弓之鸟般亡命天涯时,尚能稳坐钓鱼台。不是不想走,而是不能走。当初不听父言已是心意难安,如今变法失败若是逃之夭夭岂不要祸及家人,如此失德之事谭必不能为之。惟愿以己之身换家人平安,如此,九泉下才能心安矣!还有一点就是谭被捕时已是带病之身。谭嗣同,字复生。在谭年轻时,他的家乡流传一种传染病,得这种病的人几乎全部死去。谭嗣同不幸也被传染。他病了很长时间,家人都以为他要死了,但最终他奇迹般地痊愈了。谭嗣同康复后,就以复生为字。不过成年后的谭身体状况每日愈下,自感大不如前。他之所以力推变法,可能也是感到人生无常,能在有生之年为改变国家羸弱困境而奔走也算是人生一大幸事吧。最终,谭嗣同决心为变法不惜一死,来唤醒麻木不仁的国民。“各国变法,无不从流血而成,今中国未闻有因变法而流血者,此国之所以不昌。有之,请自嗣同始!”而后慷慨就义,虽悲壮且震撼世人!谭嗣同心系维新并非为了一己之利,而是为天下苍生求自由、谋幸福,“我不入地狱,谁入地狱”,“虽千万人,我往矣”;“我自横刀向天笑”,谭嗣同气吞万里如虎的豪迈,实为华夏第一人杰,这颗划过暗黑夜空的流星,留下一道异常耀眼的轨迹,引导、激励着一个又一个不自由、毋宁死的热血儿郎,在为了自由理想的道路上冲锋陷阵,不畏生死!后人曾撰写对联悼之:“壮矣,维新欲杀贼而未回天,终成国恨;快哉!喋血屹昆仑以昭肝胆,长醒吾民。”实乃对谭公的真实写照!“特别声明:以上作品内容(包括在内的视频、图片或音频)为凤凰网旗下自媒体平台“大风号”用户上传并发布,本平台仅提供信息存储空间服务。Notice: The content above (including the videos, pictures and audios if any) is uploaded and posted by the user of Dafeng Hao, which is a social media platform and merely provides information storage space services.” , 公车上书,是指在清 光绪 二十一年(1895年), 康有为 与 梁启超 集结1300余名 [3] 举人,联名上书 光绪帝 爱新觉罗·载湉,反对在 甲午战争 中战败的 清政府 签订丧权辱国的《马关条约》的事件。, 谭嗣同虽然出身官宦家庭,却提倡新学,呼吁变法,还参加了著名的“公车上书”。 1898年8月,在翰林院侍读学士徐致靖的推荐下,谭嗣同受到光绪皇帝召见,被授予四品卿衔,在军机章京上行走,参与新政。.
“公车上书”已经过去了一百多年,但后人并没有忘记“康梁”爱国救亡的壮举。 2015年,由广东佛山粤剧讲习所制作的原创话剧《康有为与梁启超》,以艺术的形式再现了“康梁”“公车上书”、百日维新的过程,并在北京、上海、天津等全国十几个城市及 , 对这一轰动历史的“公车上书”事件,康有为描述:“时以士气可用,乃合十八省举人于松筠庵会议,与名者千二百余人,以一昼二夜草万言书,请拒和约、迁都、变法三者,卓如、孺博(麦孟华)书之,并日缮写……遍传都下,士气愤涌,联轨察院前里许,至 , “公车上书”,不是一个结束,而是一个开始。 它拉开了近代中国改革浪潮的序幕,启蒙了无数后来人。 从梁启超、谭嗣同,到孙中山、蔡锷,多少英杰,正是沿着这条血与火铺就的道路,奋力向前。 今天再读那段历史,有一种撕心裂肺的痛感。, 康有为在北京发动“公车上书”,揭开资产阶级变法维新运动的序幕。 在民族危亡与维新思潮的激荡下,谭嗣同在思想上发生剧变,痛感自己三十年前的精力多敝于考据词章,无补于事,决心抛弃旧学,致力于维新变法。 遂与唐才常等在浏阳筹建算学馆,创办新学,并撰《兴算学议》、《报贝元征》等文,提出变法主张,首开湖南维新之风。 为追求新思想,学习新知识,他于1896年(光绪二十二年)北游访学。 先后至上海、天津、北京,访问英美传教士,购阅西方书籍,看到机器、轮船、火车、电线,参观煤矿、金矿,还看到西方传入的计算器、爱克斯光照相等科学仪器,对资本主义生产方式和自然科学发生兴趣。 在访学中,还遍交维新之士,尤其是结识了梁启超,并通过梁进一步了解到康有为的维新思想观点,对康有为非常钦佩,自称为康的“私淑弟子”。, 关于“公车上书”,《辞海》上的解释是:“1895年(光绪二十一年)4月,清政府在中日甲午战争中失败,派李鸿章赴日本签订《马关条约》,引起全国人民的反对。 5月2日,康有为联合各省在北京会试的举人一千三百余人签名上书,提出拒签和约、迁都抗战、变法图强三项主张。 史称‘公车上书’。 《中国历史辞典》上的诠释与《辞海》大同小异,只是稍微详细一些:“清政府在中日甲午战争中失败,光绪二十一年(1895)春,派李鸿章赴日本签订《马关条约》,激起全国人民反对。 康有为联合十八省在京参加会试的举人一千三百余人,联名上书光绪帝,痛列割地弃民的严重后果,坚决反对签订《马关条约》,并提出四项解决办法:‘下诏鼓天下之气’;‘迁都定天下之本’;‘练兵强天下之势’;‘变法成天下之治’。, “公车上书”是晚清读书人(即举人)联名上书皇帝、反对签订丧权辱国的《马关条约》的事件。 以下是部分参与此次上书的举人的姓名: 需要注意的是,由于历史记载可能存在一定的差异或遗漏,因此以上列举的举人姓名并不一定是全部参与者。 同时,“公车上书”作为一次重要的历史事件,其背后涉及的政治、社会和文化背景也十分复杂,值得深入研究。.
 
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