There were several push factors that compelled farmers to leave their rural homes and move to cities: First, the Enclosure Acts in Britain led to the consolidation of small landholdings into larger farms, leaving many farmers without land to cultivate., Problems like the availability of housing, overcrowding and the spread of infectious disease had to be addressed as quickly as possible, or the newly industrialized cities risked losing their, With many national governments pushing for a "reindustrialisation" of their economies, it is also a timely moment to reflect on the future of manufacturing in cities. In advanced economies, one could be forgiven for thinking that there was no such thing as reindustrialisation., Owners fined workers who left their jobs to return to their villages for festivals because they interrupted the efficient flow of work at the factories. After the 1850s, however, recreation improved along with the rise of an emerging middle class., Industrialization and emergence of the factory system triggered rural-to-urban migration and thus led to a rapid growth of cities, where during the Industrial Revolution workers faced the challenge of dire conditions and developed new ways of living., .