технические средства реабилитации для ребенка с дцп
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технические средства реабилитации для ребенка с дцп, Food insecurity, health care utilization, and health care , Map the Meal Gap 2025 - Feeding America, State-Level and County-Level Estimates of Health Care Costs , Health Care Costs: What’s the Problem?, Americans’ Challenges with Health Care Costs | KFF, Food Insecurity Was Associated With Greater Family Health , Regional differences in healthcare costs further explained .
Table presents regression results for medical care expenditures, focusing on total, outpatient, inpatient, ED, and pharmaceutical spending. The first panel of Table , which includes social and economic controls, but not health indicators, clearly shows that level of household food insecurity is positively associated with having any health care expenditures, as well as total expenditures conditional upon having any utilization. Households with marginal, low, and very low food security are increasingly more likely than food secure households to have any health care expenditures (P = .006 for marginal food security, P = .021 for low food security, P < .001 very low food security), and have higher levels of total health care expenditures (P = .044 for marginal food security, P = .003 for low food security, P = .011 for very low food security). These differences are not driven exclusively by inpatient or outpatient expenditures, however, as outpatient and inpatient spending are rarely significantly different across households with different levels of food insecurity. The exception is very low food secure households, which have a higher likelihood of any outpatient expenses (P = .041) compared to food secure households. Large quantitative differences are seen for ED and pharmaceutical expenditures. As household food insecurity increases, the likelihood of any ED expenditure rises significantly, though ED spending conditional on any usage is not significantly different across groups. Any pharmaceutical spending (P < .001 for all three levels of food insecurity) along with conditional expenditures (P = .047 for marginal food security, P < .001 for low food security, P < .001 for very low food security) rises significantly as household food insecurity increases., With these controls now in the models, the significant differences in total health care spending across the food security groups largely disappear. The likelihood of any and conditional health care expenditures is now statistically similar across levels of household food security., Food Budget Shortfall among Food-Insecure Individuals Neighborsn tell us that the high cost of food and other essentials is one of the top reasons why it’s increasingly difficult to afford and access the food they need to thrive. The cost of essentials like food, housing, health care, utilities and child and dependent care can stretch already .
We used targeted maximum likelihood estimation to estimate health care costs associated with food insecurity, separately for adults and children, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results. Among NHIS/MEPS participants, 10,054 adults and 3,871 children met inclusion criteria., Public policy often highlights and targets the total cost of the health care system or spending as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP), while most patients (the public) are more concerned with their own out-of-pocket costs and whether they have access to affordable, meaningful insurance., About half of U.S. adults say it is difficult to afford health care costs, and one in four say they or a family member in their household had problems paying for health care in the past 12, Using nationally representative data, we found that food-insecure families had 20 percent greater total health care expenditures than food-secure families, for an annual difference of $2,456., Regional differences in costs for mental, pharmaceutical, and specialized care are less pronounced and can be explained to a large extent. For total healthcare costs, regional differences are mostly explained through the factors included in this study., .