Yongjingxian jing nei Qin changcheng zhiyi' 甘肃永靖县境内秦长城质疑 (Doubts concerning the Qin great walls in Yongjing, 选课要求(非必须,可随课程进展自学): 会求解最基本的静态和动态优化问题。了解计量经济学基本工具,比如OLS, Instrumental Variable, Difference-in-Differences, Probit等。, 49. Zur Geschichte der Streitenden Reiche siehe unter anderem: Kuan Yang 杨宽, Zhangguo shi 战国史 [Geschichte der Streitenden Reiche] (Shanghai 1998). 41 Arthur N. Waldron, The Problem of The Great Wall of China, in: Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 43/2 (1983) 643–663, hier 650., In comparing China’s history with that of Europe’s, a salient issue emerges: Why did China’s Spring and Autumn and Warring States (SAWS) periods con-clude with unification under the Qin Dynasty, while for a long period of time Europe remained fragmented? This paper seeks to unravel why, during the rise of the Qin, other states were not able to balance efectively against it, yet were suc , Abstract The paper discusses the question of existence of hereditary aristocracy in the ancient Chinese state of Qin during the period of 4th – 3rd BC, as well as the question of its role in the domestic political process. The paper shows the dynam-ic of political change on the materials of received sources as well as on that of the paleographic texts. It also shows that the traditional , .