A swamp is any wetland dominated by woody plants. There are many different kinds of swamps, ranging from the forested Red Maple, (Acer rubrum), swamps of the Northeast to the extensive bottomland hardwood forests found along the sluggish rivers of the Southeast. Swamps are characterized by saturated soils during the growing season and standing water during certain times of the year. The highly organic soils of swamps form a thick, black, nutrient-rich environment for the growth of water-tolerant trees such as Cypress (Taxodium spp.), Atlantic White Cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides), and Tupelo (Nyssa aquatica). Some swamps are dominated by shrubs, such as Buttonbush or Smooth Alder. Plants, birds, fish, and invertebrates such as freshwater shrimp, crayfish, and clams require the habitats provided by swamps. Many rare species, such as the endangered American Crocodile, depend on these ecosystems as well. Swamps may be divided into two major classes, depending on the type of vegetation present: shrub swamps and forested swamps., There are four main types of wetlands worldwide, each with unique characteristics. Marshes. These are wetlands with grasses, reeds, and shrubs but rarely any trees. Found near rivers, lakes, and coastlines, marshes are home to many birds, fish, and insects. Swamps., Here, we’ll explore five main types of wetlands, helping you understand what sets them apart and why they matter. 1. Marshes are wetlands dominated by herbaceous plants like grasses, sedges, and reeds. They are usually found in areas with standing or slow-moving water and can occur in both freshwater and saltwater environments..