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Iraq War, (2003–11), conflict in that consisted of two phases. The first of these was a brief, conventionally fought in March–April 2003, in which a combined force of troops from the and (with smaller contingents from several other countries) invaded Iraq and rapidly defeated Iraqi military and paramilitary forces. It was followed by a longer second phase in which a U.S.-led occupation of Iraq was opposed by an insurgency. After violence began to decline in 2007, the United States gradually reduced its military presence in Iraq, formally completing its withdrawal in December 2011. American military casualties in the conflict included some 4,500 service members killed and some 32,000 others wounded. Prelude to war Iraq’s invasion of in 1990 ended in Iraq’s defeat by a U.S.-led coalition in the (1990–91). However, the Iraqi branch of the , headed by , managed to retain power by harshly suppressing uprisings of the country’s minority and its majority Arabs. To stem the exodus of Kurds from Iraq, the allies established a “safe haven” in northern Iraq’s predominantly Kurdish regions, and allied warplanes patrolled “no-fly” zones in northern and southern Iraq that were off-limits to Iraqi aircraft. Moreover, to restrain future Iraqi aggression, the () implemented economic against Iraq in order to, among other things, hinder the progress of its most lethal arms programs, including those for the development of nuclear, biological, and chemical . (See .) UN inspections during the mid-1990s uncovered a variety of proscribed weapons and prohibited technology throughout Iraq. That country’s continued flouting of the UN weapons ban and its repeated interference with the inspections frustrated the international community and led U.S. Pres. in 1998 to order the bombing of several Iraqi military installations (code-named Operation Desert Fox). After the bombing, however, Iraq refused to allow inspectors to reenter the country, and during the next several years the slowly began to erode as neighboring countries sought to reopen trade with Iraq. Casus belli for the Iraq WarThe effort to connect Iraq to the events of September 11, 2001, began within hours of the attacks. These notes, written by Department of Defense official Stephen Cambone at 2:40 pm on September 11, capture directives issued by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. Among them is the instruction, “Best info fast. Judge whether good enough [to] hit SH [Saddam Hussein] at same time - not only UBL [Usama bin Laden].”(more)emergency summit prior to Iraq War(From left) Portuguese Prime Minister José Manuel Durão Barroso, British Prime Minister Tony Blair, U.S. Pres. George W. Bush, and Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar holding an emergency summit meeting on March 16, 2003, in Portugal's Azores, in the lead-up to the invasion of Iraq and the beginning of the Iraq War.(more)In 2002 the new U.S. , , argued that the vulnerability of the United States following the of 2001, combined with Iraq’s alleged continued possession and manufacture of weapons of mass destruction (an accusation that was later proved erroneous) and its support for terrorist groups—which, according to the Bush administration, included , the perpetrators of the September 11 attacks—made disarming Iraq a renewed priority. UN Resolution 1441, passed on November 8, 2002, demanded that Iraq readmit inspectors and that it comply with all previous resolutions. Iraq appeared to comply with the resolution, but in early 2003 President Bush and British Prime Minister declared that Iraq was actually continuing to hinder UN and that it still retained proscribed weapons. Other world leaders, such as French Pres. and German Chancellor , citing what they believed to be increased Iraqi cooperation, sought to extend inspections and give Iraq more time to comply with them. However, on March 17, seeking no further UN resolutions and deeming further diplomatic efforts by the Security Council futile, Bush declared an end to diplomacy and issued an ultimatum to Saddam, giving the Iraqi president 48 hours to leave Iraq. The leaders of , , , and other countries objected to this buildup toward war. The 2003 conflict Iraq WarU.S. marines assisting displaced Iraqi civilians north of Al-Nāṣiriyyah, Iraq, during the Iraq War.(more)When Saddam refused to leave Iraq, U.S. and allied forces launched an attack on the morning of March 20; it began when U.S. aircraft dropped several precision-guided bombs on a bunker complex in which the Iraqi president was believed to be meeting with senior staff. This was followed by a series of air strikes directed against government and military installations, and within days U.S. forces had invaded Iraq from Kuwait in the south ( had previously been deployed to Kurdish-controlled areas in the north). Despite fears that Iraqi forces would engage in a scorched-earth policy—destroying bridges and dams and setting fire to Iraq’s southern oil wells—little damage was done by retreating Iraqi forces; in fact, large numbers of Iraqi troops simply chose not to resist the advance of coalition forces. In southern Iraq the greatest resistance to U.S. forces as they advanced northward was from irregular groups of Baʿath Party supporters, known as . British forces—which had deployed around the southern city of —faced similar resistance from paramilitary and irregular fighters., The Iraq War (Arabic: حرب العراق, romanized: ḥarb al-ʿirāq), also referred to as the Second Gulf War, [83] [84] was a prolonged conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011. It began with the invasion by a United States-led coalition, which resulted in the overthrow of the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein., Iraq War, conflict in Iraq (2003–11) that consisted of two phases: a conventionally fought war in March–April 2003, in which a combined force of troops primarily from the United States and Great Britain invaded Iraq and defeated Iraqi military forces, and a second phase consisting of a U.S.-led occupation of Iraq..
BAGHDAD (AP) — It’s been 20 years since the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq began. Here are some key dates from the invasion and following developments., In March 2003, U.S. forces invaded Iraq vowing to destroy Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and end the dictatorial rule of Saddam Hussein. When WMD intelligence proved illusory and a, The Iraq War was an armed conflict between a United States-led coalition force against the regime of Saddam Hussein from 2003 to 2011. The war was part of a broader campaign against terrorist activity known as the Global War on Terror., In 2011, the coalition forces withdrew from Iraq, declaring the war over and leaving behind at least 275,000 people dead and a country ravaged. Al Jazeera breaks down some of the war's defining, Explore the Iraq War timeline, detailing key events from the 2003 invasion to ongoing challenges, including the rise of ISIS and its lasting impact on the region., .