Judge Alsup is unequivocal in his summary judgment on this point (emphasis added):To summarize the analysis that now follows, the use of the books at issue to train Claude and its precursors was exceedingly transformative and was a fair use under Section 107 of the Copyright Act. And, the digitization of the books purchased in print form by Anthropic was also a fair use but not for the same reason as applies to the training copies. Instead, it was a fair use because all Anthropic did was replace the print copies it had purchased for its central library with more convenient space-saving and searchable digital copies for its central library — without adding new copies, creating new works, or redistributing existing copies. However, Anthropic had no entitlement to use pirated copies for its central library. Creating a permanent, general-purpose library was not itself a fair use excusing Anthropic’s piracy., Anthropic downloaded over seven million books from pirate sites, according to court documents. The startup also purchased millions of print books, destroyed the bindings, scanned every page, and stored them digitally. Both sets of books were used to train various versions of Claude, which generates over $1 billion in annual revenue., Cavalleri and Glinoga took their case to court in a class action lawsuit filed in California on Tuesday, in which they allege Hermès' sales practices for its famous Birkin bags are in violation.