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Low White Blood Cell Count (Leukopenia): Causes, Symptoms & TreatmentLocations:||||||Home/Health Library/Diseases & Conditions/Low White Blood Cell Count (Leukopenia)AdvertisementAdvertisementLow White Blood Cell Count (Leukopenia)Leukopenia (low white blood cell count) happens when you have a lower-than-normal number of white blood cells. Specifically, you have fewer neutrophils than normal. Neutrophils are white blood cells that act as your immune system’s first line of defense. Without enough white blood cells, you’re more vulnerable to developing infections.AdvertisementCleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. PolicyCare at Cleveland ClinicBlood Disorders (Hematology) CareMake an AppointmentContentsArrow DownContentsArrow DownOverviewWhat is low white blood cell count (leukopenia)?Every day, our bodies produce about 100 billion white blood cells (leukocytes). Leukocytes help defend our bodies against intruders like viruses and bacteria that may cause infections.AdvertisementCleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. PolicyIn leukopenia (pronounced “luke-a-PEE-ne-ah”), you have lower-than-normal numbers of white blood cells. Specifically, you have fewer neutrophils than normal.Neutrophils are white blood cells that act as your immune system’s first line of defense. Without enough white blood cells, including enough neutrophils, you’re more vulnerable to developing infections.A white blood cell count that’s less than 4,000 cells per microliter of blood is a low white blood cell count. Normal white blood cell counts vary depending on age and sex. For example, the white blood cell count for males and children is 5,000 to 10,000 cells per microliter of blood. The females is 4,500 to 11,000 microliters of blood.Is leukopenia a kind of cancer?No, it’s not but there’s a connection between leukopenia and cancer. Cancer treatments may cause leukopenia.Does leukopenia lead to leukemia?No, but leukemia may cause leukopenia. Leukemia affects your blood cells, including white blood cells. Your bone marrow makes blood cells.In leukemia, your body makes abnormal blood cells that multiply and divide. The abnormal cells eventually outnumber healthy cells, including healthy white blood cells. That leaves your body with lower-than-normal levels of white blood cells or leukopenia.AdvertisementWho is affected by low white blood cell count (leukopenia)?Your white blood cell counts frequently rise and fall. Leukopenia happens when the number of white blood cells in your blood drops and doesn’t rise. People with certain medical conditions or receiving cancer treatments often have leukopenia.Symptoms and CausesWhat causes leukopenia?People may develop leukopenia because they have certain medical conditions, take certain medications or have malnutrition and/or don’t get enough of certain vitamins. Medical conditions include:Bone marrow disorders: Multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia are examples of bone marrow disorders that cause leukopenia.Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune diseases happen when your immune system attacks your body. Lupus and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of autoimmune diseases.Infections: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may cause leukopenia.What are leukopenia symptoms?Leukopenia doesn’t have symptoms but it can cause infections that have the following symptoms:Fever and chills.Swelling and redness.Mouth sores.Red or white patches in your mouth.Sore throat.Severe cough or shortness of breath.Painful urination or pee that smells bad.Diarrhea.Cuts or sores that drain pus.Unusual vaginal discharge or itching.Diagnosis and TestsHow do healthcare providers diagnose leukopenia?Healthcare providers diagnose leukopenia by doing complete blood counts (CBCs). They may do additional tests if they think you may have an infection. Those tests may include:Urine tests: These tests may help healthcare providers determine what’s causing your infection.Chest X-ray: They may order this test if they think you have pneumonia.Management and TreatmentHow do healthcare providers treat leukopenia?Healthcare providers treat the underlying cause. For example, if you have leukopenia because you have an infection, they may use antibiotics or antiviral drugs to fight the infection. Other treatments may include:Growth factors: These drugs encourage your bone marrow to make more blood cells. In this case, growth factor medication may boost white blood cell production.Delaying chemotherapy: If you’re receiving chemotherapy for cancer, your healthcare provider may recommend delaying treatment until your white blood cell count increases.Care at Cleveland ClinicBlood Disorders (Hematology) CareMake an AppointmentOutlook / PrognosisWhat can I expect if I have leukopenia?Your prognosis, or expected outcome, depends on why you have leukopenia. For example, you may have leukopenia because you have a viral infection. In that case, your white blood cell count should return to normal once you’re over your infection. If your white blood cell count is low because you’re receiving cancer treatment, your prognosis depends on your cancer diagnosis and treatment.PreventionWhat can I do to prevent leukopenia?You may not be able to avoid leukopenia. However, taking care of your overall health and avoiding infection are good ways to reduce your risk. Some suggestions include:AdvertisementWash your hands frequently with soap and water, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.Stay up-to-date on all vaccines, including shots for the flu and COVID-19.Avoid people who are sick or crowds where you might come into close contact with people who are sick.Avoid injuries like scrapes, tears or cuts (including tattoos and piercings), and care for wounds immediately if your skin is damaged.Prevent the spread of germs by washing fruits and vegetables, keeping meats away from other foods, preparing meals in a clean kitchen and cooking foods to the proper temperature.Don’t share utensils, cups, food or drinks with others.Don’t share towels, razors or toothbrushes with others.Wear gloves if you’re gardening or working in the yard.Avoid picking up pet waste or changing a newborn’s diaper. (If you can’t avoid these tasks, wear gloves and wash your hands when you’re done.)Avoid lakes, ponds, rivers and hot tubs.Be sure to take the medication your healthcare provider prescribed that will help prevent infections.Living WithWhen should I contact my healthcare provider?Leukopenia increases your risk of developing infections, so you should contact your healthcare provider if you have leukopenia and think you may have an infection.A note from Cleveland ClinicLeukopenia happens when your white blood cell levels are lower than normal. There are many reasons why your white blood cell level may drop. For example, you may be receiving life-saving cancer treatment that lowers your white blood cell levels. You may have an autoimmune disorder like lupus. If you have leukopenia, you’re at risk of infections. If you know you have leukopenia, talk to your healthcare provider about ways to fend off infections.AdvertisementCare at Cleveland ClinicWhen you want expert blood disorder care, look no further than Cleveland Clinic. Our hematology experts offer personalized care and support.Blood Disorders (Hematology) CareMake an AppointmentMedically ReviewedLast reviewed on 10/27/2022.Learn more about the and our .ReferencesAdvertisementAdvertisementAdCancer Answer Line Rendered: Sun Jun 22 2025 13:41:58 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)ActionsBlog, News & AppsAbout Cleveland ClinicSite Information & Policies9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 | 800.223.2273 | © 2025 Cleveland Clinic. All Rights Reserved., How can I raise my white blood cell count? It depends on the reason for the low WBC. If it's due to an illness or disease, treating the illness will raise your WBC., Leukopenia (low white blood cell count) happens when you have a lower-than-normal number of white blood cells. Specifically, you have fewer neutrophils than normal. Neutrophils are white blood cells that act as your immune system’s first line of defense..
While leukopenia may clear on its own when the underlying condition is resolved, severe or persistent leukopenia may require treatment with the drug G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) which stimulates white blood cell production in the bone marrow., Leukopenia is a low white blood cell count. It doesn’t always cause symptoms, but it can lead to serious complications. This article takes a closer look at leukopenia, including its causes,, The treatment and management of leukopenia are primarily focused on addressing the underlying cause of the low white blood cell count and preventing or treating any resulting infections. The approach varies significantly depending on the etiology and severity of the leukopenia., Managing neutropenia depends on the cause. But if you have signs of an infection and have a low WBC count, you might be started on a treatment before they know what is causing it. Antibiotics, antiviral, and antifungal medicines are often given when someone has a low WBC and is having fever., A low white blood cell count usually means your body is not making enough white blood cells. It can increase your risk of getting infections. How you get a low white blood cell count. Common causes of a low white blood cell count include: cancer treatment, like radiotherapy and chemotherapy; antipsychotic medicines; medicine for an overactive , The first step in addressing low white blood cell count is to identify and treat any underlying causes. This may involve diagnostic tests to pinpoint the root of the issue, such as infections, autoimmune disorders, bone marrow disorders, or certain medications..