Health care systems may be financed in various ways, including through government funding, taxation, out-of-pocket payments, private insurance, and donations or voluntary aid. RAND research explores the effects of corporate and government health care financing policies on such groups as patients, businesses, hospitals, and physician-providers., The first e-learning course on health financing policy for universal health coverage., "Health system financing is an essential component of UHC but progress toward UHC also requires coordinated actions across the pillars of the health system with particular attention to strengthening human resources for health.", Health financing policy ensures that financial resources are effectively allocated and that different population groups, especially the most vulnerable and high-risk, can access affordable health care services. In China, the basic health insurance system covers over 95% of the population., Health Financing Progress Matrix The Health Financing Progress Matrix (HFPM) is WHO's standard approach to assessing country health financing systems. Reports provide an up-to-date assessment of strengths and weaknesses in a country's health financing system relative to a set of desirable attributes. Recommendations identify key policy shifts to accelerate progress towards universal health , Critical challenges in health financing Persistent challenges around sustainable financing for health remain across many LMICs and LICs: Future Transition from donor financing for priority disease programs risk, financial and programmatic sustainability. Lack of investment in public goods such as epidemic and pandemic preparedness and inability of redeployment of donor resources for .